Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2033816900> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2033816900 abstract "Most drugs are bound to serum proteins to a various degree. Only unbound or free drug is pharmacologically active. Usually total drug is measured for therapeutic monitoring because there is equilibrium between bound and free drugs, and concentration of free drug can be predicted from total drug concentration. However, under certain conditions this equilibrium is disturbed and the measured free drug concentration can be significantly higher than expected from total drug concentrations, especially for strongly protein-bound drugs. In such case a patient may experience drug toxicity even if the total drug concentration is within the therapeutic range. Conditions like uremia, liver disease and hypoalbuminemia can lead to significant increases in free drug concentration. Therefore, monitoring free phenytoin and free valproic acid is recommended in these patients. Drug-drug interactions can also lead to a disproportionate increase in free drug concentration. One strongly protein-bound drug can significantly displace another strongly protein-bound drug if both drugs share the same binding site. Several over-the-counter pain medications such as salicylate, naproxen, and ibuprofen can cause significant displacement of both phenytoin and valproic acid from albumin binding site. Interestingly, such interactions are absent in uremic patients. Elderly patients may have increased free phenytoin or valproic acid due to hypoalbuminemia. Elevated free phenytoin concentrations have also been reported in patients with AIDS. Although digoxin is 25% bound to protein, monitoring free digoxin is useful in patients with elevated endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive substances or in patients overdosed with digoxin and being treated with digibind. Monitoring free digoxin can also eliminate interference of Chinese medicines Chan Su and Danshen in serum digoxin measurement by certain immunoassays. However, free drug monitoring is not a routine procedure in clinical laboratories due to technical difficulties and lack of established reference ranges for free drugs." @default.
- W2033816900 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2033816900 creator A5055039506 @default.
- W2033816900 date "2002-01-29" @default.
- W2033816900 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W2033816900 title "Clinical Utility of Free Drug Monitoring" @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1494530412 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1826566497 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1920495182 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1954882272 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1965062821 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1967986802 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1976472512 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1980326346 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1982734495 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1987209161 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1988506029 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1990327270 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1990853283 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W1999674243 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2000108465 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2001504483 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2001565169 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2005051674 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2014975257 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2020076084 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2020426939 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2028019428 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2034666554 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2035413821 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2039733661 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2041380228 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2043791759 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2051074589 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2051427702 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2052432072 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2053677324 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2054180912 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2057802344 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2058272146 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2059559271 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2061161517 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2066052528 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2070526137 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2073122425 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2075846250 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2089587495 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2093348638 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2093871184 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2099328600 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2102505310 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2114100100 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2116111473 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2116525688 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2123816377 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2130533911 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2137871209 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2152458724 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2156296217 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2166611436 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2168996127 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2277100570 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2312546750 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2312881821 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2314531299 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2319610217 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2320292994 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2320706262 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2332905221 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2332934348 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2335108144 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2462313280 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W2750787521 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W3021162679 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W3266514 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W4298870187 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W4323284715 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W45023438 @default.
- W2033816900 cites W959535830 @default.
- W2033816900 doi "https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm.2002.172" @default.
- W2033816900 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12476936" @default.
- W2033816900 hasPublicationYear "2002" @default.
- W2033816900 type Work @default.
- W2033816900 sameAs 2033816900 @default.
- W2033816900 citedByCount "61" @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002012 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002013 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002014 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002015 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002016 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002017 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002018 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002019 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002020 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002021 @default.
- W2033816900 countsByYear W20338169002022 @default.
- W2033816900 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2033816900 hasAuthorship W2033816900A5055039506 @default.
- W2033816900 hasConcept C118552586 @default.
- W2033816900 hasConcept C126322002 @default.