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- W2034132205 abstract "From the Department of Metabolism, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20012. * Present address: Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37203. Neurobehavioral manifestations characterize early uremia. As renal failure progresses, such subtle disorders as decreased ability to focus attention, diminished attention span, speaking in shorter sentences and deficient performance of mental arithmetic regularly precede the conventional neurologic, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, hematologic and skeletal manifestations of the more florid uremic state [ 1 -6 ] . The central problem confronting all investigations of the pathogenesis of uremia is to construct a test system which is at once quantitatively objective and relevant to uremia. The issue of relevance is further complicated by the fact that uremia is conventionally identified as a form of abnormal, whole organism behavior, i.e., as a clinical illness. Prophylactic or maintenance dialysis technics prevent or correct the early neurobehaviora changes of uremia in patients with either acute or chronic renal failure [7,8] whereas they are much less successful in modifying the later findings [9] . This suggests that chemical changes which are corrected by dialysis procedures somehow cause these early uremic symptoms. However chemical changes and clinical findings are often dissociated in patients with renal failure [10-13 ] . These observations have provided new incentives, and perhaps practical means, to distinguish between the alternatives (1) that uremia is caused by commonly measured chemical changes, i.e. the effects on cells and organs of abnormal extracellular concentrations of the principal electrolytes, urea, creatinine or urate, for example, or (2) that uremia is due to as yet unknown toxic substances which are eliminated in the dialysate [14] . Since the signal descriptions of Bright I15] the cause of the uremic syndrome has been sought at all levels Of biological organization, i.e.. at the level of biochemica analyses and in the measurable function of enzymes cells, tissues, organ systems and whole organisms. Findings since publication of the encyclopedic discussion by Schreiner and Maher in 1961 [11 may be summarized as follows." @default.
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- W2034132205 date "1970-06-01" @default.
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- W2034132205 title "On the pathogenesis of uremia" @default.
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- W2034132205 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(70)80001-8" @default.
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