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- W2034162375 abstract "Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) grown in the southern Piedmont requires 200 to 280 kg nitrogen (N) ha<sup>−1</sup> annually and requires up to 0.87 cm of water per day, making groundwater systems susceptible to nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) leaching. A perennial white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i> L.) living mulch (LM) system may reduce NO<sub>3</sub>-N leaching by using legume N to replace mineral N, though little information is available on such a system in the southern Piedmont. Therefore, a HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate water and NO<sub>3</sub>-N flux in three cover crop systems. Cereal rye (<i>Secale cereal</i> L.) (CR), crimson clover (<i>Trifolium incarnatum</i> L.) (CC), and a white clover LM were fertilized with 280, 168, and 56 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The HYDRUS-1D model was calibrated and validated with observed water contents and NO<sub>3</sub>-N data that were collected over two years. Water and NO<sub>3</sub>-N flux models were created for each treatment and evaluated using coefficient of determination, percentage bias, and index of agreement, and showed good agreement to observed data. Nitrate leaching below 1 m in 2015/2016 was 23.5, 12.7, and 21.4 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the CC, LM, and CR treatments, respectively, but was less than 1 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for all treatments in 2016/2017 due to prolonged drought. Differences in leached NO<sub>3</sub>-N among treatments were attributed to variation in mineral N application rate and NO<sub>3</sub>-N uptake by cover crops. Overall, results suggest that the use of a perennial LM system may reduce NO<sub>3</sub>-N leaching when compared to annual CC and CR cover crop systems." @default.
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- W2034162375 date "1987-03-28" @default.
- W2034162375 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2034162375 title "Carry on smoking?" @default.
- W2034162375 doi "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.294.6575.849" @default.
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