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• W2034201073 abstract "view Abstract Citations (40) References (37) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS The Eleven-Year and Residual Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays (1952-1969) Simpson, J. A. ; Wang, J. R. Abstract Experimental studies of the modulation of relativistic cosmic-ray nuclei in the Galaxy have been carried out over the period 1952-1969, which includes the t o solar minima of modulation in 1954 and 1965. The observations are based on continuous measurements of intensity changes in the secondary nucleonic component at the geomagnetic rigidity cutoffs at 1.7, 3, and 13 GV, and therefore concern the changing primary spectrum of cosmic rays in the magnetic-rigidity range above 2 GV. A series of fast- neutron balloon flights between the solar minimum of 1954 and the solar maximum of 1958 from Stagg Field, Chicago, is reported for the first time. This series provides an alternative experimental test of the results obtained by using continuous-recording neutron monitors. Aircraft flights carrying neutron monitors of geomagnetic rigidity cutoffs between 1 and 5 GV provided independent comparisons of the flux levels of cosmic rays at the two solar minima. An analysis of the data from these experiments shows that: 1. The form of the modulation functionf(R, 13) is independent of time for extended periods on either side of the solar minima of 1954 and 1965 over the mean magnetic rigidity range from 10 to 40 GV, with the fractional change in the function being Af(R, 13)/f(R, 13) = 0.00 i 0.20. 2. The form of f(R, 13) in the magnetic-rigidity range 2-20 GV between solar minimum and solar maximum has a fractional change of Af(R, 13)/fiR, 13) = 0.00 + 0.05. 3. As a consequence of observations 1 and 2 above, the shape of the power spectrum of irregularities in the interplanetary magnetic fields <10- Hz is unchanged over a malor part of the two solar cycles. 4. These results lead to a determination of the shape and intensity of the cosmic-ray spectrum at the orbit of Earth in 1954 relative to 1965 5. The cosmic-ray nuclei with magnetic rigidities greater than 2 GV are under continuous modulation at all times during the solar minima of 1954 and 1965, with the modulation being greater in 1965. 6. The effective depth of the modulating region near the ecliptic plane is less than or equal to 10 a;u. at the times of the two solar minima. This result is based on the assumption that the intensity of the corona green line (5303 A) is representative of coronal temperatures and hence is closely related to the velocity of the solar wind. It is pointed out that, on the basis of present evidence, prehistoric periods of residual modulation could have led to flux levels at the orbit of Earth which approached the flux level in interplanetary space and which would therefore have been substantially higher than those of recent times These experimental studies were carried out by using neutron-intensity monftors. The fully corrected monthly averages from the neutron piles at Chicago, Climax, and Huancayo, Peru, from 1952 to the first half of 1969 are published for the first time. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: July 1970 DOI: 10.1086/150530 Bibcode: 1970ApJ...161..265S full text sources ADS |" @default.
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• W2034201073 date "1970-07-01" @default.
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• W2034201073 title "The Eleven-Year and Residual Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays (1952-1969)" @default.
• W2034201073 doi "https://doi.org/10.1086/150530" @default.
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