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• W2034286074 abstract "This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of a single-element ultrasonic transducer with a lead-free piezoelectric active element. A piezoelectric ceramic with composition of 0.88Bi <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>0.5</sub> Na <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>0.5</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>3</sub> –0.08Bi <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>0.5</sub> K <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>0.5</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>3</sub> – 0.04Bi <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>0.5</sub> Li <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>0.5</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>3</sub> was chosen as the active element of the transducer. This composition exhibited a thickness coupling coefficient (kt) of 0.45, a dielectric constant of 440 (at 1 kHz), and a longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (d <sub xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>33</sub> ) of 84 pC?N <sup xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink>–1</sup> . To make the transducer, the ceramic was sandwiched between an epoxy–tungsten backing layer and a silver epoxy matching layer. An epoxy lens was also incorporated into the transducer’s design to focus the ultrasound beam. The focused transducer with a center frequency of about 23 MHz demonstrated a –6-dB bandwidth of 55% and an insertion loss of –32 dB; the –20-dB pulsed length was measured to be 150 ns. A phantom made of copper wires (30 μm in diameter) was utilized to investigate the imaging capability of the transducer. The results indicated that the fabricated transducer, with a lateral resolution of 260 μm and a relatively high depolarization temperature, could be considered as a candidate for replacement of lead-based ultrasonic transducers." @default.
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• W2034286074 date "2012-08-01" @default.
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• W2034286074 title "Fabrication and evaluation of a single-element Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-based ultrasonic transducer" @default.
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• W2034286074 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/tuffc.2012.2389" @default.
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