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• W2034301108 abstract "In the Lower Muschelkalk seven sections with a total thickness of 400 m were studied in detail. Outdoor investigations were combined with polished section, thin-section, and chemical analyses of each limestone type in order to interpret the environmental conditions. In the investigated area the following types of sediments occur: (1) Intraformational conglomerates: The intraclasts are platy and composed of microsparitic calcite ( dichter Kalk). Transport of the clasts has not been far. In many cases they probably lie where they have been eroded. Sorting is poor, in some cases a vertical gradation was observed. The larger intraclasts mostly lie parallel to the bedding. The matrix is microspar (size of calcite crystals is 5–15 μ) of very low impurity. The clay content of the dark clasts is perceptibly higher than that of the clear matrix. (2) Coquinoid limestones: Valves of pelecypods and shells of gastropods are most common as bioclasts. Debris of brachiopods and echinoderms also occurs. The matrix is microspar. The original structures of the shells are affected by diagenetic recrystallization. There is no difference in the diagenesis between fragments of pelecypods and gastropods. Valves of brachiopods are more stable. A special type of coquinoid limestone occurs in the lowest part of the Muschelkalk. In these beds the fossil fragments are nearly entirely dolomitized, though the matrix is pure calcite. The fossils have not been eroded from already deposited sediments. It is assumed that special environmental changes, such as a decrease of clay sedimentation, favoured their sudden widespread appearance. (3) Pseudoolitic limestones: In contrast to the opinion of other authors it is shown that the small (80–250 μ) intraclasts are pseudooids and no real ooids. They consist of clear calcite and dolomite. Their structure is very similar to that of fossil debris with which they occur. A recrystallization of calcitic pseudooids to fine-grained calcite of 5–15 μ (grain diminution) is common. Dolomitic pseudooids are replaced by calcite. Both processes are described in detail. The matrix is microspar. (4) Schaumkalke ( porous limestone): Pores of two distinct sizes have been observed, their diameters are: (a) 80–250 μ, and (b) 450–650 μ. They always occur together. The margins of the pores are regular and irregular, both types do not occur together. Fragments of echinoderms are abundant. Their size and shape are the same as those of the pores. It is concluded that the pores originated by echinoderm fragments which have been leached out. Foraminifera also occur in the Schaumkalk. No sample contained dolomite. The matrix is microspar. (5) Homogeneous crystalline limestone: This rock type also consists of fossil fragments. Their origin is unknown. They are accompanied by a few echinoderm fragments. Dolomite does not occur. The matrix is microspar. General features of the sediment types described above are: The insoluble residues are very low. They often occur as lenses. Erosion pits, narrow rills, and broader channels are also common. These high-energy sediments were deposited under shallow-water conditions during periods of ingression. (6) Microsparites: Homogeneous limestone consisting of microspar is the most common sediment type in the Lower Muschelkalk. Sizes of the calcite crystals range from 5 to 15 μ. The clay content is higher than in the sediments described above but does not exceed 10%. Highest observed MgCO3 content is 4%. Dolomite does not occur. Typical micrite has not been observed. This coincides with Folk (1965) according to whom the calcite diagenesis in limestones interbedded with shales often “burst through the micrite curtain”. The most common thickness of the single layers of microsparite ranges from 0.3 to 3 cm. They are interbedded with clay-marl laminae. Several rock types of microsparites result by the different thickness of these clay-marl interbeds and the different shape of the limestone layers, which can be platy or with waved boundaries ( Wellenkalk) Worm burrows are common, in the more clayey beds very abundant. These sediments were deposited in deeper water. The origin of the “sigma-shaped” fractures ( Sigmoidalklüfte) is discussed and some new results about this problem are given. (7) Marls: Highest MgCO3 content is 3.4%. There is no relation between the insoluble residue and the Mg content. Lamination is common. Worm burrows are abundant. (8) Yellow dolomitic limestones: The yellow colour is the result of a replacement of dolomite by calcite. The dolomite is of early diagenetical origin. The content of coarser material, as quartz grains in the insoluble residue is relative high. Fossils, even burrows do not occur. Marls and dolomitic limestones are shallow-water sediments deposited during a period of regression. The sediments of the Lower Muschelkalk were deposited cyclically. The complete cycle shows a gradual increase of the clay content (Table I). The beds are very persistent, even very thin ones. The widespread uniformity in sedimentation is striking. The cycles are due to shifting of the water level by epeirogenic movements. Es wurden sieben Profile von insgesamt 400 m aufgenommen. Die Geländebeobachtungen wurden durch Untersuchungen an Anschliffen und Dünnschliffen und durch chemische Analysen von jedem Gesteinstyp ergänzt. Hieraus ergaben sich Hinweise auf die Bildungsbedingungen des Unteren Muschelkalkes. Der Untere Muschelkalk ist zyklisch aufgebaut. Der Kalkgehalt nimmt in den Zyklen von unten nach oben ab. Die Zyklen gehen auf epirogenetische Senkungen und Hebungen zurück, in deren Verlauf das Milieu wohl zwischen vollmarin und lagunär schwankte. Die bearbeiteten Profile lassen sich überraschend gut parallelisieren. Die einzelnen Zyklen ändern sich von Profil zu Profil kaum. Zahlreiche und oft nur wenige Zentimeter dicke Schichten sind über mehrere Profile zu verfolgen. Mit Hilfe der aufgenommenen Profile lassen sich selbst geringmächtige Schichtserien stratigraphisch sicher einstufen." @default.
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• W2034301108 date "1967-01-01" @default.
• W2034301108 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2034301108 title "Petrographie und feinstratigraphie des unteren muschelkalkes in südniedersachsen und nordhessen" @default.
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• W2034301108 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(67)90069-3" @default.
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