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- W2034302584 abstract "Abstract A modified high-pressure vertical Bridgman (HPVB) method has been used to grow single crystals of lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PMN–PT) using self-seeding. The starting charge was prepared close to stoichiometric composition of (1− x )Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 – x PbTiO 3 , ranging from x =0.29 to x =0.32. The ingots grown had a top diameter of ∼114 mm and weighing ∼1.9 kg with a volume of ∼230 cc. Standard form off-the-shelf platinum crucibles from vendors with a wall thickness ∼0.34±0.01 mm were used. The thinner platinum helped to attain a larger radial thermal gradient as well as enhancing the cost effectiveness of the process by reducing usage of precious metals. An oxygen partial pressure of 8000–10 000 ppm was used and controlled during the entire growth process. Self-seeding technique was used in order to attempt to grow large diameter single crystals of PMN–PT. The composition variation in the ingot is dependent on the growth rate, thermal gradients and oxygen partial pressure. The segregation coefficient of Ti was 0.86±0.008 for the starting composition of x =0.32." @default.
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- W2034302584 date "2010-03-01" @default.
- W2034302584 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2034302584 title "High-pressure vertical Bridgman growth of lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate single crystal" @default.
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- W2034302584 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.067" @default.
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