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• W203459351 abstract "Downy mildew, caused by Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, and white rust, caused by Albugo occidentalis, are economically important diseases of spinach. Downy mildew disease is important throughout the world where ever spinach is grown whereas white rust is an important disease in spinach production areas of the central and eastern United States. Our efforts over the years have focused on improved management of these two diseases primarily through improved disease resistance, fungicides, and fungicide alternatives. In addition, efforts have continued to characterise races of the downy mildew pathogen and develop efficient screening methods to identify resistance. Screening for disease resistance has involved field, traditional greenhouse assays, and modified greenhouse assays. Recent efforts have identified three new races of the downy mildew pathogen, races 5, 6, and 7. Although a qualitative inoculation assay has traditionally been used to identify resistance to the various downy mildew races, work with race 6 indicates that a modified assay can identify both qualitative (+ or -) and quantitative resistance to race 6. As a result, to better communicate the level of resistance in a particular cultivar, it is recommended that resistant (or immune) be used when cotyledons or true leaves do not get infected and show symptoms, tolerant, or partially resistant, be used if cotyledons are susceptible, but true leaves show quantitative levels of resistance, or susceptible, if both cotyledons and true leaves are susceptible. Quantitative levels of resistance also are commercially useful to manage white rust disease of spinach. By selection under heavy disease pressure, the University of Arkansas program has released a number of spinach lines with high levels of commercially useful resistance to this disease. In addition to resistance, judicious use of fungicides can enhance control of both of these diseases. In addition, we have identified a number of surfactants and natural products that have been effective at reducing white rust and downy mildew severity." @default.
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• W203459351 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W203459351 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W203459351 title "Update on downy mildew and white rust on spinach in the United States" @default.
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