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• W2034705210 abstract "Once More to the Grove:A Note on Symbolic Space in the Knight's Tale Joshua R. Eyler and John P. Sexton Upon the death of Arcite, Theseus announces that the knight's funeral shall take place in that selve grove, swoote and grene, wherein first Arcite and Palamoun / Hadden for love the bataille hem bitwene (I 2860; 2858–59).1 That the grove exists at this stage in the narrative, however, creates a textual problem, since Theseus's earlier orders suggest that the grove was destroyed to make room for the lists in which Arcite lost his life. Most readers accept the concurrent existence of two different objects (the lists and the grove) unquestioningly, but the evidence demands that we envision both places as occupying the same physical space. It is easy and tempting to dismiss this moment as a simple error, because to take it seriously raises challenging questions of textual consistency. If we read the Knight's Tale, though, as being primarily concerned with chaos, then a solution to this problem becomes possible. The existence, destruction, and eventual reappearance of the grove ultimately highlights Theseus's failure to resolve the chaos caused by the strife between the two Theban cousins. We are not the first to recognize this manipulation of space, although the point remains significantly underexplored. Peter H. Elbow, who briefly addresses the textual complexity represented by the lists and the grove, theorizes that Chaucer adds to [the] focused shape of things by erecting both the tournament and the funeral upon the virgin grove where Palamon and Arcite first fought. Chaucer is willing to contradict himself in this detail of geographical centering.2 Though Elbow's observation is astute, his phrasing of this detail as a mere contradiction seems reductive. V. A. Kolve, who discusses this problem of space in greater depth, acknowledges the intentionality of Chaucer's choice. He finds the contradiction technically irresolvable, but finally reads it as a symbolic sequence complementing the poem's major events in which order is created by means of an appalling disorder.3 Though Kolve acknowledges that the disorder and chaos in the tale (such as that [End Page 433] implied by the lists and the grove occupying the same space) are outside of human control, he believes that they are ultimately contained by Theseus's efforts and his shaping will.4 Kolve's discussion of order ultimately relies on the tradition established by Charles Muscatine in his influential study Chaucer and the French Tradition: Order, which characterizes the structure of the poem, is also the heart of its meaning . . . [The] subsurface insistence on disorder is the poem's crowning complexity, its most compelling claim to maturity . . . and the crowning nobility, as expressed by this poem, goes beyond a grasp of the forms of social and civil order, beyond magnificence in any earthly sense, to a perception of the order beyond chaos.5 Though Muscatine acknowledges the subsurface presence of chaos in the Knight's Tale, he assigns it a place within a fundamental cosmic order. His comments have proved for many critics to be the standard view of the poem, and not a few of these scholars have constructed readings of the tale built eloquently upon the initial work of Muscatine.6 Other scholars, such as Elizabeth Salter, have questioned the primacy of order in the tale and have instead chosen to illuminate the important role played by chaos.7 In what follows, we extend this latter argument. Chaos looms large in the Knight's Tale as an arbitrary force, not in the service of order but as its complete opposite and eventual undoing. We suggest that the serious issues of physical and symbolic space raised by the grove and the lists demonstrate a conscious move on Chaucer's part to highlight the uncontained power and, indeed, the ultimate ascendance of chaos as the driving force in the tale. The initial duel of Arcite and Palamon, following the release of the former and the escape of the latter, begins as a chaotic fracas in the grove: The bataille in the feeld bitwix hem tweyne; And on his hors, [Arcite] allone as he was born, He carieth al..." @default.
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• W2034705210 title "Once More to the Grove: A Note on Symbolic Space in the Knight's Tale" @default.
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• W2034705210 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/cr.2006.0010" @default.
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