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• W2034972385 endingPage "190" @default.
• W2034972385 startingPage "186" @default.
• W2034972385 abstract "Short-lived halogens are produced naturally and anthropogenically, and are not governed by the Montreal Protocol. Like halocarbons, short-lived halogens destroy lower-stratospheric ozone, resulting in a net cooling effect since pre-industrial times. Halogens released from long-lived anthropogenic substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons, are the principal cause of recent depletion of stratospheric ozone, a greenhouse gas1,2,3. Recent observations show that very short-lived substances, with lifetimes generally under six months, are also an important source of stratospheric halogens4,5. Short-lived bromine substances are produced naturally by seaweed and phytoplankton, whereas short-lived chlorine substances are primarily anthropogenic. Here we used a chemical transport model to quantify the depletion of ozone in the lower stratosphere from short-lived halogen substances, and a radiative transfer model to quantify the radiative effects of that ozone depletion. According to our simulations, ozone loss from short-lived substances had a radiative effect nearly half that from long-lived halocarbons in 2011 and, since pre-industrial times, has contributed a total of about −0.02 W m−2 to global radiative forcing. We find natural short-lived bromine substances exert a 3.6 times larger ozone radiative effect than long-lived halocarbons, normalized by halogen content, and show atmospheric levels of dichloromethane, a short-lived chlorine substance not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, are rapidly increasing. We conclude that potential further significant increases in the atmospheric abundance of short-lived halogen substances, through changing natural processes6,7,8 or continued anthropogenic emissions9, could be important for future climate." @default.
• W2034972385 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2034972385 creator A5003739704 @default.
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• W2034972385 date "2015-02-16" @default.
• W2034972385 modified "2023-10-02" @default.
• W2034972385 title "Efficiency of short-lived halogens at influencing climate through depletion of stratospheric ozone" @default.
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• W2034972385 doi "https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2363" @default.
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