Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2034981780> ?p ?o ?g. }
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- W2034981780 startingPage "376" @default.
- W2034981780 abstract "Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. Accumulation of lipid- and protein-rich deposits under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) heralds the onset of early AMD, but the pathogenesis of subretinal deposit formation is poorly understood. Numerous hypothetical models of deposit formation have been proposed, including hypotheses for a genetic basis, choroidal hypoperfusion, abnormal barrier formation, and lysosomal failure. This review explore the RPE injury hypothesis, characterized by three distinct stages (1) Initial RPE oxidant injury, caused by any number of endogenous or exogenous oxidants, results in extrusion of cell membrane “blebs,” together with decreased activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), promoting bleb accumulation under the RPE as basal laminar deposits (BLD). (2) RPE cells are subsequently stimulated to increase synthesis of MMPs and other molecules responsible for extracellular matrix turnover (i.e., producing decreased collagen), affecting both RPE basement membrane and Bruchs membrane (BrM). This process leads to progression of BLD into basal linear deposits (BLinD) and drusen by admixture of blebs into BrM, followed by the formation of new basement membrane under the RPE to trap these deposits within BrM. We postulate that various hormones and other plasma-derived molecules related to systemic health cofactors are implicated in this second stage. (3) Finally, macrophages are recruited to sites of RPE injury and deposit formation. The recruitment of nonactivated or scavenging macrophages may remove deposits without further injury, while the recruitment of activated or reparative macrophages, through the release of inflammatory mediators, growth factors, or other substances, may promote complications and progression to the late forms of the disease." @default.
- W2034981780 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2034981780 creator A5013704119 @default.
- W2034981780 creator A5042356168 @default.
- W2034981780 creator A5054916715 @default.
- W2034981780 creator A5070506251 @default.
- W2034981780 date "2012-08-01" @default.
- W2034981780 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2034981780 title "Retinal pigment epithelium response to oxidant injury in the pathogenesis of early age-related macular degeneration" @default.
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