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- W2034992407 abstract "108 ¦ THE HEMINGWAY REVIEW tional, explains how Hemingway's established celebrity as writer and man interacted with serependitous media needs to create more press coverage than anyother literaryevent in history. Fleming's collection is a call to work for Hemingway scholars. The essays gatheredhere demonstratehowintegralnature,place,andnaturewritingare to Hemingway's life and work.Attention must nowbe given to these matters in The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, The Garden ofEden, and other works not explored in depth here. —LarryE. Grimes, Bethany College A Historical Guide to ErnestHemingway. Edited byLindaWagner-Martin. NewYork: Oxford University Press, 2000. 237pp. + index. Cloth $35. Paper $15.95. Unlike his contemporaries F. Scott Fitzgerald and John Steinbeck, Ernest Hemingway managed to maintain a literary dominance that continued steadily during his life and has wavered only slightly in the years since his death in 1961. Although among university literature professors Hemingway lost ground to William Faulkner at mid-century (from the 1940s into the 1960s), his fiction remained popular with the public and exerted a profound influence onwriters. Literary criticism that focuses sharplyon Hemingway's work has proliferated and changed strikingly, especially during the last fifteen years ofthe 20th century. The valuable insights ofearly Hemingway critics andbiographers remainunquestionablysignificant,butthe developments ofrecentliterarytheoryhave changedthe course ofHemingwaycriticism and altered the waywe read him. Future generations will never viewhim again in quite the same way. For this reason, Linda Wagner-Martin's book constitutes an indispensable source for general readers and scholars alike as we enter the new century. As Wagner-Martin notes in her introduction, Hemingway—although an incurable romantic—was remarkable for the serious way in which he addressed the business of writing (3). In addition to his unique, economic style and his portraits of life that shocked and intrigued many of his early readers, Wagner-Martin points out that he influenced the entire genre of hard-boiled mystery and detective fiction. Through his writing as well as BOOK REVIEWS · 109 his public persona, his pursuit and successful achievement oftheAmerican dreampositions him as an engaging subject for ahistoricallyfocused examination , forHemingwaymetaphoricallyrepresents andreflectsthe issuesthat preoccupiedAmericans ofhis era: issues ofworldwar, ofgender, ofindustry andecology,ofhumantriumph andloss.Wagner-Martin has commissioned and assembled six previously unpublished essays byscholars noted for their workinHemingwaystudiesinparticularorAmericanstudies ingeneral, and concludes with an historically-based illustrated chronology, a bibliographical essay, andan up-to-datebibliographyofHemingwaycriticism.Although outside the scope of her book, Wagner-Martin also alerts readers to the essential treatments ofHemingway and race and Hemingway and alcohol by Toni Morrison and John W. Crowley, respectively, as well as to the burgeoning body of recent criticism of Hemingway's posthumously published works (12-13). In Ernest Hemingway, 1899-1961: A BriefBiography, Michael Reynolds succinctly yet eloquently demonstrates why interest in Hemingway biography remains unprecedented. In addition to chronicling Hemingway's immersion in and personification ofmany ofthe most significant historical moments of his era—many of which are well-known, i.e., his wounding while in the Italian army during World War I, his prominence among the American expatriate literati in Paris, his participation in the Spanish Civil War—Reynolds reveals new details about Hemingway's activities while he lived in Cuba during World War II. In addition to providing a useful backdrop for the later essays in the book, Reynolds also points out that Hemingway 's last two decades remain the least understood and need to be contextualized. Reynolds reminds us, for instance, that after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, German submarinesoperated freelyup and down theAtlantic coast andthroughoutthe Caribbean, sinkingfreighters and oiltankers atwill (35). One,response to this activity was that the American Ambassador to Cuba, Spruille Braden, recruited Hemingway to put together a makeshift intelligence service (36); Hemingway not only did so, but outfitted his boat the Pilarfor use on a number ofanti-submarine patrols that he personally conducted . Reynolds also discusses Hemingway'slyingunderoath in aU.S.Army court-martial in 1944 and his killing of a German soldier, weaving this and other biographical information into Hemingway's six-year fictional silence andhis ultimateparanoia, depression, electroshocktherapy, and suicide. 110 ¦ THE HEMINGWAY REVIEW The other five essays discuss Hemingway vis-à-vis various sociological, historical, and literary influences of his own era. Especially illuminating is Eye and Heart..." @default.
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- W2034992407 title "<i>A Historical Guide to Ernest Hemingway</i> (review)" @default.
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