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• W2035185307 abstract "Abstract Leaching rates of heavy metals (zinc and copper) and nitrogen were measured in 500-mm deep monolith lysimeters containing a heavy clay soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of preferential flow on leaching of these chemicals under different precipitation regimes. N was applied at a rate of 100 kg ha −1 (50 kg NO 3 –N ha −1 and 50 kg NH 4 –N ha −1 ), Zn, at a rate of 100 kg ha −1 , and Cu, at 40 kg ha −1 . Simultaneously, Br was applied at a rate of 100 kg ha −1 to provide information on water movement through the profiles. A modified version of the ‘tanks-in-series model’ was used to describe the distribution function of non-reactive tracer (Br) travel time and compare the results with experimental data obtained in the lysimeters. Rapid discharge of Br in the monoliths was taken as a clear evidence for preferential flow. This flow behaviour was well described by the model through the parameters n and f m , that is, in terms of the degree of mixing of water in soil and the ratio between mobile regions and the maximum amount of water in a monolith when freely drained. When determining parameter values, the required experimental period was made shorter by using a peak coordinate of distribution of non-reactive tracer travel time, instead of the moment analysis. The model could use the cumulative leachate as the only variable in the distribution function of tracer travel time under non-steady flow conditions. N leaching occurred in the form of NO 3 –N, which was also largely displaced through preferential flow. Zn leaching was also enhanced by preferential flow, whereas Cu leaching was negligible. Concentrations of NO 3 –N and Zn in leachate in the treatments, which received the element, often exceeded the Swedish drinking water guideline. The results obtained in this study show that preferential flow may have a substantial influence on leaching of heavy metals and nitrogen, and the combination of monolith lysimeters and the modified tanks-in-series model may be used to classify soils in terms of the occurrence of such flow behaviour." @default.
• W2035185307 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2035185307 date "2000-04-01" @default.
• W2035185307 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2035185307 title "Leaching patterns of heavy metals and nitrogen evaluated with a modified tanks-in-series model" @default.
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• W2035185307 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-7722(99)00102-3" @default.
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