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- W2035514706 endingPage "133" @default.
- W2035514706 startingPage "133" @default.
- W2035514706 abstract "Professionals contribute to society in a variety of ways. They design buildings and bridges that will serve their clients' purposes, prescribe drugs or perform surgery designed to rectify their patients' physical ailments or to make them more comfortable, decide what content to teach students and how to teach it, and defend clients. They share in common the ability to connect solutions to problems. And they are assumed to possess special expertise that enables them to do this. In this paper, I review literature on the nature of expertise and on how it is acquired. To do justice to the issues, I include important nonempirical, as well as empirical, literature. I also include empirical studies drawn from outside professional education literature, particularly from cognitive psychology. I review four definitions of expertise, each of which incorporates a different view about how expertise influences professional actions: expertise as technical skill, as application of theory, as critical analysis, and as deliberate action. Each succeeding definition remedies failures of earlier definitions, and in so doing each defines expertise as a more complicated phenomenon than its predecessor. But in the end, each definition is incomplete in some critical way. There is also a skeptical view of professional expertise, usually expressed outside professional education circles, which I allude to occasionally with the help of Moliere. The view pervades sociological literature of professional education and pervades lay literature as well. It is not a new view; it is expressed repeatedly in Moliere's plays. For instance, in The Imaginary Invalid, the character Beralde suggests that his brother become a doctor. When the brother protests that he is too ignorant, Beralde responds, Once you put on the cap and gown of a doctor the rest comes of itself. You'll find you have all the skill you require. . . . Whatever nonsense you talk becomes wisdom and all that rubbish, good sense." @default.
- W2035514706 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2035514706 creator A5015183380 @default.
- W2035514706 date "1987-01-01" @default.
- W2035514706 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2035514706 title "Inexact Sciences: Professional Education and the Development of Expertise" @default.
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- W2035514706 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1167311" @default.
- W2035514706 hasPublicationYear "1987" @default.