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• W2036356368 abstract "The meaning of conflict Meanings are not inherent in things, but are socially negotiated. Like the meaning of a work of art, the meaning of a conflict is not inherent in it. Its meaning depends on what the observers bring to it. Meaning is always subjective. Conflict is like art. The parties should not see themselves as helpless victims of it. They participate in the construction of it. They have the potential for deconstructing and reconstructing it as well. Like art, conflict, well used, can be a wonderful opportunity for learning for all concerned. Conflicting parties and the conflict specialists working with them generally seek some sort of middling compromise between the parties' polar positions. The guiding principle is that each must give a little to get a little. Transcending conflict, however, aspires to something much better--a new synergy that leads to new, previously unimagined possibilities that are superior for all concerned. In traditional approaches to conflict management, the initial description of the conflict serves as the basis for the subsequent work. In contrast, efforts to transcend conflict are based on having the parties review and reconsider the fundamental meanings of their conflict. The essence of a conflict is the incompatibilities in the parties' preferences. The core concern is not over differences in the parties' histories, grievances or philosophical values, but over incompatibilities in their concrete preferences about how things should be. One party feels that things should be arranged in one way, another feels they should be arranged in another way, and it appears that those different realities that are envisioned cannot coexist. One party insists the border should be here, and the other insists the border should be there. It cannot be in both places. These positions are incompatible; thus the parties are in conflict. The reasons why they have these particular preferences may be interesting, but it may not be necessary to know them. The essential description of any conflict is about the incompatibilities in the parties' concrete preferences. The grievances--those different readings of history--are about explanations for those preferences, and thus for the conflict. So long as a conflict is defined in terms of the history of hurt on each side, the parties are trapped by the fixity, the embeddedness, of that history. The parties need to break out of that history and instead focus on the essence of the conflict itself. Artful remedies One can help conflicting parties resolve their situation by asking them to jointly review their positions and the meanings of those positions. Their historical stories help in explaining and understanding those positions. The parties can also try to formulate understandings in an ahistorical way, saying what the incompatibility situation is currently, and projecting what it could be in the future. The parties could be asked to formulate a joint statement describing the current situation. Where exactly are their preferences incompatible? That is, before pressing them to adopt a jointly acceptable solution to their dilemma, it would be useful to first ask them to come to a jointly acceptable description of that dilemma. What exactly is the question before them? The exercise of formulating a new joint account of the situation remakes the meaning of the situation and establishes a new jointly negotiated meaning. Being compelled to accept others' interpretation of things is a sign of disempowerment. An art teacher who tells students the meaning of a painting and then quizzes them to see if they can reproduce that answer is a bad teacher. In much the same way, a history teacher who tells you how to understand an historical era does you a disservice. The liberatory pedagogy advocated by Paulo Freire (author of Pedagogy of the oppressed [1970]) and his followers is based on the idea of 'finding one's own word', discovering that you have the capacity and the right--and perhaps even the obligation--to put your own meanings on things. …" @default.
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• W2036356368 date "2013-08-01" @default.
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• W2036356368 title "Art and the building of peace" @default.
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• W2036356368 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/02560046.2013.828393" @default.
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