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- W2036835067 abstract "We read with great interest the article by Lekpa and colleagues (Lekpa et al., 2013) on the characteristic of neuropathic pain in elderly sub-Saharan African patients complaining of chronic pain and we would like to share our experience on Italian elderly sample. We performed a multicentre study on a sample of elderly Italian patients affected with various peripheral nervous diseases in order to (1) comprehensively characterize the pain through validated specific tools and (2) to discriminate the distinct types of neuropathic pain sensory profiles. This latter point is crucial for choosing the appropriate therapy also considering that different symptoms and signs likely reflect diverse mechanisms of neuropathic pain (Jensen and Baron, 2003; Baron et al., 2012). This is even more crucial if we consider that in older age, polypharmacy is very common, thus increasing the risk of drug–drug interaction, occurrence of adverse effects, poor compliance and increased cost. From June 2007 to October 2007, we enrolled 154 consecutive Italian elderly patients (men/women: 90/64; mean age 73.2, range 65–89) referred to 16 Italian neurological centres. The inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65, clinical and instrumental diagnosis of peripheral nervous diseases regardless of the presence/absence of pain (no limit for pain intensity was fixed). The exclusion criteria were presence of pain not because of peripheral nervous system impairment (i.e., cancer with bone metastasis), cognitive deterioration (Mini Mental State <24). The use of drugs for pain did not represent an exclusion criterion. To characterize pain, we administered the followings tools: (1) Numeric Rating Scale (NRS; Downie et al., 1978); (2) Neuropathic Pain Diagnostic Questionnaire (DN4; Bouhassira et al., 2005); and (3) the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI; Bouhassira et al., 2004). The questionnaires have been already extensively presented elsewhere (Bouhassira et al., 2004, 2005). Here, we only recall that the NRS gives a generic numeric score of pain intensity, DN4 is a screening tool that help to discriminate between nociceptive and neuropathic pain and higher score (≥4) corresponds to higher probability of suffering from neuropathic pain, and NPSI is a questionnaire specific for neuropathic pain that dissects in subcategories neuropathic pain symptoms. Help to filling in the questionnaires was given to patients who required it (e.g., visual problems, etc.). We studied our sample with a descriptive analysis. We considered two characteristic synthetic values, i.e., ‘mean’ and ‘standard deviation’ (SD) calculated on total score of each questionnaire. The compilation of NPSI questionnaires lasted 7.9 min (SD 3.8, range: 2–20): No patient had problems to complete them; rarely questions of NPSI needed explanations. With regard to the peripheral nerve diseases, 50% of patients suffered from idiopathic polyneuropathy, 20.8% from diabetic polyneuropathy, 9.1% from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 7.3% from radiculopathies, 5.2% from entrapment neuropathies, 5.1% from autoimmune neuropathies, 1.9% from nerve lesion and 0.6 from hereditary polyneuropathy. Concerning pain, and based on the used questionnaires, about 43% of the patients complained at least of moderate pain (NRS ≥ 3) and 37% complained of severe pain (NRS ≥ 5). About 56% of the patients had higher probability to suffer from neuropathic pain according to DN4 (DN4 ≥ 4). According to NPSI, the most common symptoms were paresthesia/dysesthesia (32%), followed by burning superficial spontaneous pain (25%), pressing deep spontaneous pain (20%), evoked pain (15%) and paroxysmal pain (8%). What is evident from our results is that pain symptoms widely vary across the different diseases but the questionnaires give us a clear and rapid overview of the sensory manifestations. With regard to the therapy we acquired data without analysing the type and dose of treatment: 53.8% of the patients did not take any pain therapy, 25.8% were on active drugs and 20.4% on symptomatic drugs (note that active drugs were, for example, steroids, and symptomatic drugs were antidepressant used for the therapy of neuropathic pain). Our sample differs from the African one, focused on rheumatology outpatients because we analysed patients with neurological diseases, thus more likely to suffer from neuropathic pain. Despite this difference, we agree with the authors in recommending the use of specific neuropathic pain scales for the practical characterization and management of pain symptoms. Moreover, we would advise to combine DN4, which can be considered a screening, with NPSI in order to add also qualitative information that can be crucial for choosing the appropriate drug therapy, also considering the short time that these questionnaires require. The latter issue is very important if we consider that pain is the result of various pathophysiological mechanisms (Cruccu and Truini, 2009) rather than of a single disease. Consistently, the current direction is to stratify patients according to sensory profiles that will lead to tailored therapies (Baron et al., 2012)." @default.
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- W2036835067 date "2013-05-09" @default.
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- W2036835067 title "Comment on Lekpa et al., ‘Socio-demographic and clinical profile of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in sub-Saharan African elderly’" @default.
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- W2036835067 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00295.x" @default.
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