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• W2036958023 abstract "Corn (Zea mays L.) production practices have to be evaluated periodically to ensure that producers are fully using improvements in hybrids. A 2-yr study was conducted to assess corn yield response to plant population, planting dates, and hybrid maturity. The study was conducted at three sites during the 1994 and 1996 growing seasons. A 102 and a 113 d relative maturity corn hybrid were established at plant populations of 14 000, 20 000, and 26 000 plants/acre. Planting dates in early April, May, and June were also used. At two locations, delaying planting from April to May decreased yields slightly. At the third location, yields increased 27 bu/acre as planting was delayed until early May. Delaying planting at this location resulted in ear development occurring after a period of severe drought, which reduced yields with the April planting. At all three locations, delaying planting until early June reduced yields as a result of ear development under higher temperatures and grain fill occurring under cooler temperatures. Increasing population from 14 000 to 20 000 plants/acre resulted in a yield increase of 14 bu/acre across all six environments. Grain yields increased an additional 4 bu/acre when plant population was increased to 26 000 plants/acre. When planted in April or May, the full season hybrid produced higher yields than the earlier maturing hybrid. Corn producers in north central and northeast Kansas can increase corn yields by using planting dates in April and a population of approximately 26 000 plants/acre. Research Question Corn production practices have to be evaluated periodically to determine whether management changes are needed to fully utilize improvements in water and nutrient use efficiency as well as shade, drought, cold, and pest tolerance. Increased tolerance to shade and drought stress should enable producers to increase plant populations, resulting in higher yields in the more productive years without the risk of yield loss during a drought year. Greater cold tolerance and seedling vigor should allow earlier planting dates, thus enabling producers to take advantage of fuller season hybrids. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects that plant population, planting date, and hybrid maturity have on corn yield. Literature Summary Studies conducted in 1966 and 1967 in Kansas indicated that dryland corn yields increased as plant population increased until reaching a maximum at approximately 20 000 plants/acre and then declined as plant population continued to increase. However, recent studies have reported that the corn yield response to plant population was quadratic with yields reaching a plateau rather than declining at higher plant populations. Corn producers in northeast Kansas may plant earlier to increase the growing season length or to move harvest earlier in the year to distribute labor. Approximately 260 heat units can be accumulated during April in northeast Kansas, yet little data exist to quantify the effects that these additional heat units have on corn yields. As corn acres increase in Kansas, management decisions must be modified to fit the hybrids currently being used to the environment. Study Description A 2-yr corn study was conducted at three sites in Kansas with the following experimental design: Main Plots: Planting dates of approximately 1 April, 1 May, and 1 June Subplots: Target populations of 14 000, 20 000, and 26 000 plants/acre and two hybrids of 102-d and 113-d relative maturities. Applied Questions Does delaying planting from early April until early May or June reduce grain yields in northeast Kansas? At five of the six location-years, planting in early April and early May resulted in similar grain yields. Higher temperatures and lower rainfall amounts in June reduced grain yields with an April planting compared with a May planting date at one location-year. Delaying planting until early June reduced grain yields on average 36 bu/acre across all six location-years. What is the impact of plant population on corn yields in Northeast Kansas? Increasing corn plant population increased grain yields under a majority of the environments and reduced grain yields under one set of very low yielding conditions. The average grain yield at 26 000 plants/acre was 118 bu/acre, whereas grain yields were 113 bu/acre at 20 000 plants/acre and 98 bu/acre at 14 000 plants/acre across all environments. As planting is delayed in northeast Kansas, should a short-season corn hybrid be planted? Grain yield response to hybrid maturity varied consistently with planting dates across all three locations. As expected, the full-season hybrid produced 23 bu/acre more grain than the short-season hybrid when planted in April. The difference between the two hybrids was reduced to approximately 4 bu/acre when they were planted in May. When planted in June, the short-season hybrid produced yields that averaged 5 bu/acre higher than those from the full-season hybrid. Our results indicate that if early planting dates are used, producers should take advantage of the longest season hybrid adapted for the area. If planting is delayed to early June, using a short-season corn hybrid appears to have an advantage. In half of the six location-years, the short season hybrid produced 4 bu/acre less grain than full season hybrid when planted in June. However, in the location-years when the short-season hybrid produced higher yields than the full-season hybrid with a June planting, the average yield difference was 22 bu/acre." @default.
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• W2036958023 date "1999-01-01" @default.
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• W2036958023 title "Selecting Optimum Planting Dates and Plant Populations for Dryland Corn in Kansas" @default.
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• W2036958023 doi "https://doi.org/10.2134/jpa1999.0085" @default.
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