FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2037489520> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2037489520 endingPage "21" @default.
• W2037489520 startingPage "3" @default.
• W2037489520 abstract "The equine hoof capsule protects the softer, more sensitive, structures within. Failure of the connection between hoof and bone (the lamellar, distal phalangeal attachment apparatus) results in the crippling lameness of laminitis. Dozens of different keratin molecules, with differing biomechanical properties and molecular weights, with varying degrees of hardness and sulfur concentration, are expressed in hoof tissue. Nonstop production of new hoof makes good the continual loss of hoof wall, occurring at the distal ground surface. A new calculation of the proliferative index (PI), for basal cells of the coronet and lamellae of the dorsal hoof wall, shows that active basal cell proliferation occurs only in the coronet and proximal lamellae. The remaining lamellae are virtually nonproliferative and remodeling within the hoof wall lamellae, that must occur as the hoof wall moves past the stationary distal phalanx, is a function of the controlled activation and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Proliferating coronet basal cells organize into thin, elongated cylinders (hoof wall tubules) approximately 0.2 mm in diameter. The central hollow medulla of each tubule comprises about 2% of the total hoof wall volume at the toe. The tubules of the stratum medium are arranged into zones based on the density of tubules in the intertubular horn. This tubule density gradient appears to be a mechanism for smooth energy transfer, from the rigid (high tubule density) outer wall to the more plastic (low tubule density) inner wall, and ultimately to the distal phalanx. The gradient in tubule density mirrors the gradient in water content across the hoof wall and together these factors represent an optimum design for equine hoof wall. The lamellar corium derives most of its blood supply from the branches of the terminal arch which perforates the distal phalanx. Numerous anastomoses form an arterial lattice beneath and between the epidermal lamellae and blood can flow proximally to the coronary circumflex artery and distally to the solar circumflex artery. Veins within the foot are valveless and this can be exploited clinically for retrograde venous therapy or contrast radiography (venograms). In the lamellar dermal microcirculation numerous (500/cm2) arteriovenous anastomoses connect the axial arteries to axial veins; their normal role relates to thermoregulation and pressure modulation. On the inner hoof wall (stratum internum) is the stratum lamellatum (layer of leaves) is named after the 550 to 600 epidermal lamellae (primary epidermal lamellae or PEL) which project from the surface of the inner hoof wall (stratum internum) in parallel rows. Each PEL has 150 to 200 secondary lamellae on its surface and normal SELs have a constant histological appearance that only laminitis alters. The basement membrane (BM), a tough, unbroken sheet of extracellular matrix, forms the interface between the lamellar epidermis and the dermis. It is a three-dimensional sheet of fine, anastomosing cords consisting of filaments of collagen IV ensheathed with glycoproteins, in particular laminins 1 and 5. The plasma membrane of each lamellar basal cell is attached to the BM by numerous electron dense adhesion plaques or hemidesmosomes (HDs). The various proteins of each HD occur on both sides of the basal cell plasmalemma and with anchoring filaments (AFs) form a bridge linking the interior of the basal cell to the exterior connective tissue and ultimately the distal phalanx. Importantly, HDs are maintained and assembled by glucose-consuming phosphorylation reactions and perturbations of glucose metabolism may be involved in laminitis pathogenesis. HDs and AFs are essential to normal hoof lamellar integrity and this is illustrated by horses that inherit mutations in the genes expressing these proteins. Failure to correctly express plectin or laminin5 (HD and AF proteins, respectively) results in neonatal, laminitis-like pathology. Laminitis destroys the BM and its components and without an intact, functional, basement membrane, the structure and function of the lamellar epidermis is pathologically compromised. Transcription and activation of MMP-2 occurs in normal hoof lamellae and in increased amounts during laminitis. Accidental triggering of uncontrolled, excessive MMP production of MMPs, present in the cells of the secondary epidermal lamellae, presumably for normal remodeling purposes, appears to be an important player in laminitis pathogenesis." @default.
• W2037489520 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2037489520 creator A5078017258 @default.
• W2037489520 date "2004-03-01" @default.
• W2037489520 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2037489520 title "Anatomy and physiology of the inner hoof wall" @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1932563061 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1966511791 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1969360234 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1977127210 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1978787887 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1978837916 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1981136601 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1984092022 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1988444893 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W1990660343 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2013524931 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2033382128 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2043087045 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2045671747 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2049257423 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2055764840 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2093293474 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2109658199 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2119251010 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2121396590 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2121757257 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2143521538 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2155310696 @default.
• W2037489520 cites W2184883628 @default.
• W2037489520 doi "https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ctep.2004.07.001" @default.
• W2037489520 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
• W2037489520 type Work @default.
• W2037489520 sameAs 2037489520 @default.
• W2037489520 citedByCount "47" @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202012 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202013 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202014 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202015 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202016 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202017 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202018 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202019 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202020 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202021 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202022 @default.
• W2037489520 countsByYear W20374895202023 @default.
• W2037489520 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2037489520 hasAuthorship W2037489520A5078017258 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConcept C105702510 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConcept C2777652987 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConcept C2780091579 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConcept C2780498532 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConceptScore W2037489520C105702510 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConceptScore W2037489520C126322002 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConceptScore W2037489520C2777652987 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConceptScore W2037489520C2780091579 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConceptScore W2037489520C2780498532 @default.
• W2037489520 hasConceptScore W2037489520C71924100 @default.
• W2037489520 hasIssue "1" @default.
• W2037489520 hasLocation W20374895201 @default.
• W2037489520 hasOpenAccess W2037489520 @default.
• W2037489520 hasPrimaryLocation W20374895201 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W143882489 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W175565760 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W1984092022 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W2021843988 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W2037489520 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W2079711663 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W2112717221 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W2145946919 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W3144093235 @default.
• W2037489520 hasRelatedWork W4367679219 @default.
• W2037489520 hasVolume "3" @default.
• W2037489520 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2037489520 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2037489520 magId "2037489520" @default.
• W2037489520 workType "article" @default.