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• W2037831738 abstract "When Calmette became a broken man after the Lubek disaster in 1930, he could not have anticipated the reasons why his vaccine would become so topical at the end of the 20th century.The results of the study by Alison Elliott and colleagues (Sept 18, p 1000)1Elliott AM Nakiyingi J Quigley MA French N Gilles CF Whitworth JAG Inverse association between BCG immunisation and intestinal nematode infestation among HIV-1-positive individuals in Uganda.Lancet. 1999; 354: 1000-1001Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (27) Google Scholar in Uganda indicate that bacille Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) immunisation is associated with a reduced prevalence of nematode infestation. The protective effects of BCG against leprosy and Buruli ulcer have been previously reported. BCG is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases as diverse as bladder cancers, interstitial cystitis, prostate cancers, malignant melanomas, small-cell lung cancers, visceral leishmaniasis, and chronic hepatitis B infection.The interactions between BCG and other vaccines commonly used in infancy are another promising avenue of research. Our three-step inquiry suggests that these interactions may influence in particular the risk of asthma in childhood. We first analysed criteria of health in a population of 446 children (mean age 8 years) who were homogeneous in terms of infant feeding. All children had been breastfed more than 1 year and had received only breastmilk during the first 6 months. None of them had received BCG in infancy. In this particular population pertussis vaccination was a significant risk factor for asthma in childhood.2Odent MR Culpin EE Kimmel T Pertussis vaccination and asthma: is there a link?.JAMA. 1994; 272: 592-593Crossref PubMed Scopus (103) Google Scholar Similar correlations were obtained among the pupils of Rudolf Steiner schools in Great Britain, where BCG is not routinely offered in infancy. However, pertussis vaccination was not a risk factor among the pupils of a French Steiner school. None of the 17 pupils who had pertussis vaccination and BCG were diagnosed as asthmatic (British and French pupils of Steiner schools share the same anthroposophic lifestyle). That BCG can protect pertussis-immunised children against asthma is plausible. In countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in childhood, BCG is not routinely offered (eg, UK, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Ireland). Also, in countries where BCG vaccination in infancy remained until recently in routine practice, the rates of asthma are low (eg, France, Eastern European countries including the former East Germany).At a time when the immune systems of young human beings are culturally locked into a state of T-helper-2 bias, one can assume that BCG and other mycobacteria vaccines have important parts to play. The only bad news about BCG is that it is not very effective at preventing tuberculosis. When Calmette became a broken man after the Lubek disaster in 1930, he could not have anticipated the reasons why his vaccine would become so topical at the end of the 20th century. The results of the study by Alison Elliott and colleagues (Sept 18, p 1000)1Elliott AM Nakiyingi J Quigley MA French N Gilles CF Whitworth JAG Inverse association between BCG immunisation and intestinal nematode infestation among HIV-1-positive individuals in Uganda.Lancet. 1999; 354: 1000-1001Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (27) Google Scholar in Uganda indicate that bacille Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) immunisation is associated with a reduced prevalence of nematode infestation. The protective effects of BCG against leprosy and Buruli ulcer have been previously reported. BCG is used as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases as diverse as bladder cancers, interstitial cystitis, prostate cancers, malignant melanomas, small-cell lung cancers, visceral leishmaniasis, and chronic hepatitis B infection. The interactions between BCG and other vaccines commonly used in infancy are another promising avenue of research. Our three-step inquiry suggests that these interactions may influence in particular the risk of asthma in childhood. We first analysed criteria of health in a population of 446 children (mean age 8 years) who were homogeneous in terms of infant feeding. All children had been breastfed more than 1 year and had received only breastmilk during the first 6 months. None of them had received BCG in infancy. In this particular population pertussis vaccination was a significant risk factor for asthma in childhood.2Odent MR Culpin EE Kimmel T Pertussis vaccination and asthma: is there a link?.JAMA. 1994; 272: 592-593Crossref PubMed Scopus (103) Google Scholar Similar correlations were obtained among the pupils of Rudolf Steiner schools in Great Britain, where BCG is not routinely offered in infancy. However, pertussis vaccination was not a risk factor among the pupils of a French Steiner school. None of the 17 pupils who had pertussis vaccination and BCG were diagnosed as asthmatic (British and French pupils of Steiner schools share the same anthroposophic lifestyle). That BCG can protect pertussis-immunised children against asthma is plausible. In countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in childhood, BCG is not routinely offered (eg, UK, Australia, New Zealand, USA, Ireland). Also, in countries where BCG vaccination in infancy remained until recently in routine practice, the rates of asthma are low (eg, France, Eastern European countries including the former East Germany). At a time when the immune systems of young human beings are culturally locked into a state of T-helper-2 bias, one can assume that BCG and other mycobacteria vaccines have important parts to play. The only bad news about BCG is that it is not very effective at preventing tuberculosis." @default.
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• W2037831738 title "Future of BCG" @default.
• W2037831738 cites W2002110822 @default.
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• W2037831738 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77080-x" @default.
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