Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2038066842> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2038066842 endingPage "13" @default.
- W2038066842 startingPage "1" @default.
- W2038066842 abstract "Geochemical studies of sulfur in coals comprise several major aspects relating to the nature and origin of sulfur in coals, including the abundance and distribution of sulfur in coal seams, abundance of sulfur in coal lithotypes and macerals, characteristics and geochemical significance of sulfur-containing organic compounds, sulfur isotopic studies relating to the sources of sulfur in coals, and sedimentary environments controlling the geochemistry of sulfur in coal. A review of the evidence suggests that the variation of sulfur in coals is closely related to the depositional environments of coal seams. For low-sulfur coal (< 1% S), sulfur is derived primarily from parent plant material. For medium-sulfur (1 to < 3% S) and high-sulfur (≥ 3% S) coals, there are two major sources of sulfur: 1) parent plant material, and 2) sulfate in seawater that flooded peat swamps. Abundances of sulfur in coal are largely controlled by the degree of seawater influence during peat accumulation and by postdepositional changes (diagenesis). In high-sulfur coals, seawater sulfate diffuses into the peat, which is subsequently reduced by bacteria into hydrogen sulfide, polysulfides, and elemental sulfur. Reaction of hydrogen sulfide with ferrous iron generates fine pyrite crystals and mackinawite [FeS0.9]. Mackinawite reacts with elemental sulfur to converts to greigite [Fe3S4] and then to framboidal pyrite. The reduced sulfur species in the peat (hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur and polysulfides) react with the organic matter to form organic sulfur compounds. During coal diagenesis, nodular pyrite forms. Permineralized peat was formed during diagenesis which contains appreciable fraction of pyrite. After coal is solidified, pyrite can deposit in the cleats from circulating groundwater. Epigenetic pyrite veins may be deposited from basinal fluids. Thus, pyrite forms during various stages of coal formation from peat to coal, as well as late epigenetic activity. The relationships between sulfur abundance in coal seams and depositional environments of coals were reviewed for cases from the U.S., China, U.K., Germany, Hungary, Turkey, Indonesia, and Brazil. In most cases, low-sulfur coals formed in a fluvial environment and high-sulfur coals were deposited in seawater-influenced environments. There are exceptions. For example, Turkish lignites formed in freshwater environments are high-sulfur. Sulfur sources other than seawater are needed for these high-sulfur coals. The superhigh-organic-sulfur (SHOS) coals are highly enriched in organic sulfur but depleted in pyritic sulfur. The SHOS coals were deposited in sulfur-rich, iron-poor environments, such as carbonate platforms or in an iron-poor and clastic-starved environment in which algae accumulate. Speciation of organic sulfur compounds in coal appears to be related to coal rank; thiophenic compounds are more abundant in bituminous coal and anthracite than in low-rank coals." @default.
- W2038066842 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2038066842 creator A5071463557 @default.
- W2038066842 date "2012-10-01" @default.
- W2038066842 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2038066842 title "Sulfur in coals: A review of geochemistry and origins" @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1512720902 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1540424512 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1884364583 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1963574048 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1964733295 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1965723139 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1965880964 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1967280171 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1968028281 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1968782821 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1969282993 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1970587950 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1974283994 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1975278947 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1975618550 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1977552998 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1981440983 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1981799910 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1983468816 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1983486375 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1983640206 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1983897670 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1983941629 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1985825959 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1986599663 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1988752075 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1989953829 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1990056885 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1990513524 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1993791072 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1994077613 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1995465856 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1996766515 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1997399725 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1997628897 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1997650274 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1997795848 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1997932176 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W1998929967 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2001559652 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2001801918 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2003766699 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2003855209 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2004974947 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2005100095 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2005625042 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2007046801 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2007526987 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2007975985 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2008596562 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2008805335 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2009050380 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2009254162 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2009653749 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2010515451 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2010920367 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2012833388 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2013095678 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2014707558 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2014816931 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2015063525 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2015411179 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2015791106 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2017025481 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2017593025 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2019052916 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2020110397 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2020958496 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2021651653 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2021790279 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2022696097 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2024249259 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2024661693 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2025812652 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2026575605 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2026696275 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2026937260 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2027069634 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2028025173 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2029238627 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2029359224 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2029451279 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2030259930 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2030484485 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2032093567 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2033204416 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2033491790 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2034047225 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2035398133 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2035641144 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2035680956 @default.
- W2038066842 cites W2035769827 @default.