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- W2038561851 abstract "Insects feeding on female reproductive structure (FRS) (conelets and cones) of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, (Pinaceae) were surveyed and the insects’ seasonal damage to the FRS was assessed during 1990 on five trees in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. Sixteen insect species representing six orders were feeding in these FRS; 10 species were on cones and seeds, while the other six were predators or parasitoids of the cone insects. Eight insect species were new records of feeding within tamarack cones, the most notable being the larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hubner) (Tortricidae). The initial feeding of insects on tamarack FRS started shortly after pollination (27 May) and intensive feeding continued during the next 5 weeks when most of the damage occurred. Many FRS did not show symptoms when the insects were feeding internally, but symptoms became visible as the cones matured. One hundred percent of the cones examined in this 1 year study were damaged, and about only 1% of the 5900 cones dissected had one filled seed. Insects were responsible for a portion of the low filled seed, but lack of pollination also played an important part as there were few pollen cones in 1990. Exposure of larch seeds to −20 °C for 12 weeks killed 100% of the overwintering seed chalcid larvae, whereas 98% of the chalcids exposed to 4 °C survived. Exposure of larch seed to extreme cold may be a way to curb shipping live Megastigmus from one region to another. To significantly increase viable seed productivity in tamarack, FRS must be protected from the cone fly maggot, Strobilomyia sp., which appeared to cause a high incidence of damage to cones and seeds, as well as from the various Lepidopterans. This is especially true in years of low pollen production and in high value seed production areas." @default.
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- W2038561851 date "2002-09-01" @default.
- W2038561851 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
- W2038561851 title "Seasonal feeding patterns of insects in cones of tamarack, Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch (Pinaceae)" @default.
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- W2038561851 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(01)00733-2" @default.
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