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- W2039196723 abstract "Increasing heat will be a significant problem for Central European cities in the future. Shading devices are discussed as a method to mitigate heat stress on citizens. To analyze the physical processes, which are characteristic of shading in terms of urban human-biometeorology, experimental investigations on the thermal effects of shading by a building and shading by tree canopies were conducted in Freiburg (Southwest Germany) during typical Central European summer weather. Urban human-biometeorology stands for the variables air temperature<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M1><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, mean radiant temperature<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M2><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mrt</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and physiologically equivalent temperature PET, that is the human-biometeorological concept to assess the thermal environment which was applied. The measuring setup consists of specific human-biometeorological stations, which enable the direct or indirect determination of<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M3><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>,<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M4><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mrt</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and PET. With respect to both shading devices, the<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M5><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>a</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>reduction did not exceed 2°C, while PET as a measure for human heat stress was lowered by two thermal sensation steps according to the ASHRAE scale. As<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M6><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mrt</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>has the role of a key variable for outdoor thermal comfort during Central European summer weather, all radiant flux densities relevant to the determination of<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M7><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mrt</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>were directly measured and analyzed in detail. The results show the crucial significance of the horizontal radiant flux densities for<mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML id=M8><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>mrt</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and consequently PET." @default.
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- W2039196723 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W2039196723 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2039196723 title "Modification of Human-Biometeorologically Significant Radiant Flux Densities by Shading as Local Method to Mitigate Heat Stress in Summer within Urban Street Canyons" @default.
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