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- W2039968453 abstract "Of 5.4 GJ/(ha year) required to establish, manage and harvest a first rotation radiata pine plantation in the Tumut sub-district of New South Wales, 13.1% of the energy (0.7 GJ) was supplied by coal, 86.3% (4.6 GJ) by oil, and less than 1% from other primary sources (hydroelectricity, wood and bagasse and natural gas). Energy was traced back to primary sources with the help of cumulative energy coefficients derived from input-output tables, for five input categories, viz. (a) fuel; (b) goods and services; (c) workshop repairs, spare parts and tyres; (d) steel and fabrication of machines; and (e) human labour; and used to determine direct plus indirect energu inputs. Of 3.9 GJ/(ha year) of oil energy used as fuel, most (3.3 GJ) was used for harvesting operations. Repairs and tyres indirectly consumed a surprising 0.5 GJ/(ha year) of oil-supplied energy. Most coal energy was used in steel and fabrication of machines (0.3 GJ) and in repairs (0.2 GJ). Goods and services and human labour between them accounted for only about 5% of energy used. Harvesting is easily the most energy-intensive of all plantation operations (4.3 GJ/(ha year)), as this operation becomes more fully mechanized and better utilization, particularly of small-sized logs, is practised, energy inputs per ha could double so that by 1995, when the pinus estate in Australia might be 1 million ha, 1.7 million barrels (barrel = 160 l) of crude oil might be needed annually for pinus plantation forestry unless suitable fuel substitutes are found. This is 0.6% of the country's anticipated total consumption of crude oil." @default.
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- W2039968453 date "1984-01-01" @default.
- W2039968453 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2039968453 title "Primary energy inputs to plantation forestry" @default.
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- W2039968453 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-5826(84)90049-4" @default.
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