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• W2040391492 endingPage "124006" @default.
• W2040391492 startingPage "124006" @default.
• W2040391492 abstract "Strong astrophysical shocks, diffusively accelerating cosmic rays (CR) ought to develop CR precursors. The length of such precursor $L_{p}$ is believed to be set by the ratio of the CR mean free path $lambda$ to the shock speed, i.e., $L_{p}sim clambda/V_{sh}sim cr_{g}/V_{sh}$, which is formally independent of the CR pressure $P_{c}$. However, the X-ray observations of supernova remnant shocks suggest that the precursor scale may be significantly shorter than $L_{p}$ which would question the above estimate unless the magnetic field is strongly amplified and the gyroradius $r_{g}$ is strongly reduced over a short (unresolved) spatial scale. We argue that while the CR pressure builds up ahead of the shock, the acceleration enters into a strongly nonlinear phase in which an acoustic instability, driven by the CR pressure gradient, dominates other instabilities (at least in the case of low $beta$ plasma). In this regime the precursor steepens into a strongly nonlinear front whose size scales with emph{the CR pressure}as $L_{f}sim L_{p}cdot(L_{s}/L_{p})^{2}(P_{c}/P_{g})^{2}$, where $L_{s}$ is the scale of the developed acoustic turbulence, and $P_{c}/P_{g}$ is the ratio of CR to gas pressure. Since $L_{s}ll L_{p}$, the precursor scale reduction may be strong in the case of even a moderate gas heating by the CRs through the acoustic and (possibly also) the other instabilities driven by the CRs." @default.
• W2040391492 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2040391492 creator A5013117967 @default.
• W2040391492 creator A5058894275 @default.
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• W2040391492 date "2010-11-15" @default.
• W2040391492 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2040391492 title "On the structure and scale of cosmic ray modified shocks" @default.
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• W2040391492 doi "https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124006" @default.
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