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- W2040690637 abstract "We are pleased to present in this issue of Cell Metabolism a review series on brown adipocytes. Until recently, brown adipose tissue (BAT) was principally studied by a handful of investigators focused on rodents and newborn mammals, and, at times, their work was deemed more an exercise in scientific curiosity than an issue relevant to human health. In April of last year, this perception changed with the appearance of three papers in the New England Journal of Medicine that concretized the notion that a number of radiologists had previously suspected: Adults have brown adipocytes, and this population expands in response to cold. Brown adipocytes are involved in thermogenesis, a process of regulated energy dissipation, which, through mitochondrial uncoupling (chiefly involving Ucp1), keeps the animal warm. The demonstration that BAT is a physiologically relevant tissue in humans brings new interest in its role in metabolism and opens up for debate the possibility of harnessing its properties to combat obesity. So what are brown adipocytes, what do we already know about them, what key issues remain to be addressed, and what are the challenges to exploiting BAT therapeutically? In this special Brown Adipocyte Focus, we offer five Minireviews to get the ball rolling on these discussions. Sven Enerbäck reviews the recent evidence for BAT in humans and discusses how the application of new technologies will enable further noninvasive investigation of human BAT. Saverio Cinti and Andrea Frontini next address the plasticity of adipocytes and discuss white-to-brown and brown-to-white adipocyte transdifferentiation within the adipose tissue depot, and the concomitant tissue reorganization to accommodate the new cells. Whether the “browning” of white adipocytes within the adipose tissue depot is a result of dedifferentiation or selection of stem cells or committed precursors will be a fascinating area for further investigation. Bruce Spiegelman and colleagues pick up the discussion reviewing the key transcriptional regulators of brown fat development and outline exciting new data showing that brown adipocytes are developmentally closer to muscle tissue than white adipocytes. Leslie Kozak brings up whether we can realistically expect brown adipocytes to burn off excess dietary calories in order to maintain body weight under normal conditions. Jan Nedergaard and Barbara Cannon complete this series by underscoring the importance of physiological UCP1 activation to render brown adipocytes functional and advance a number of provocative hypotheses concerning the decrease of BAT with age and ways BAT could be involved in maintaining euglycemia. Each of these Minireviews brings a unique perspective on BAT, and we sincerely hope that you will enjoy reading them, as you continue thinking about this intriguing cell type. No doubt the coming years will bring forth a wealth of information about the roles of BAT in physiology and metabolic disease; we look forward to these developments." @default.
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- W2040690637 date "2010-04-01" @default.
- W2040690637 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2040690637 title "Brown Adipocyte Focus" @default.
- W2040690637 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2010.03.010" @default.
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