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• W2040781993 abstract "Parturition in marsupials is a remarkable process because the maternal endocrine system must be able to respond to signals from the tiny altricial neonate which may be as small as 5 mg (honey possum) or as ‘large’ as 800 mg (red and grey kangaroos). From the relatively few studies that have been conducted, it is clear that many features involved in the control of birth are held in common with those of eutherians. Based on current data on parturition in one species, the tammar wallaby, it is now clear that prostaglandins F2α and PGE2 (PGs) are the key regulators. The active oxytocic peptide in tammars is mesotocin (MT), which appears to facilitate birth. In the second half of gestation the myometrium becomes sensitive to mesotocin. As the fetus nears term, PG production in both the endometrium and yolk-sac placenta increases. A surge of PG occurs at term which stimulates uterine contractions. It induces stereotyped parturient behaviour a few minutes before emergence of the fetus, so that it can safely climb from the urogenital sinus to the pouch. Treatment with prostaglandin sythetase inhibitors through late pregnancy prevents birth. The fetus determines the timing of birth and premature birth can be induced with the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone. Thus, maturation of the fetal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis may lead to release of cortisol. Cortisol, in turn, may increase PG production by the uterus or placenta eventually leading to the parturient surge of this hormone in the plasma. Rising PG levels, either alone or in concert with MT, presumably lead to increased uterine contractions to ensure completion of the birth process once it is started. The small size of the term fetus (under 400 mg) and the low mass of the placenta (under 100 mg) suggests that paracrine mechanisms between the fetus, placenta and uterus may play a more important role in regulating PG production or uterine oxytocin receptor levels than occurs in most eutherians. However, the nature of the feto-placental signals and the interactions between PGs and MT remain enigmatic." @default.
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• W2040781993 date "1996-04-01" @default.
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• W2040781993 title "Reproduction of a marsupial: From uterus to pouch" @default.
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• W2040781993 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(96)01539-4" @default.
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