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• W204135481 abstract "Over a long academic and political career Woodrow Wilson struggled with question of how achieve vigorous leadership and effective administration in a democracy. As a theoretician, he proposed a dramatic expansion of administrative powers and responsibilities, yet he constantly worried about dangers implicit in his own ideas. As president, he presided over an enormous increase in administrative authority during World War I, but at end of his term he insisted that wartime structure be dismantled. The paradoxes of his thought and practice define American dilemma with administrative authority.(1) Wilson first approached the Study of Administration in an 1887 article in which he argued that it would be safe adopt methods of administration developed in European monarchies make American democracy more efficient and economical. I see a murderous fellow sharpening a knife cleverly, I can borrow his way of sharpening knife Without borrowing his probable intention commit murder with it, he wrote.(2) The problem that preoccupied Wilson in mid-1880s was paralysis of American government resulting, in his opinion, from separation of powers. Administrative reform was only one of several ideas that occurred him as having promise of making government more responsible and efficient. Believing that a government created for a nation homogeneous and rural must be modified serve a country now heterogeneous and crowded into cities,(3) he sought ways achieve that end quickly and simply. At first, he believed that it might be necessary convert federal government into a parliamentary system foster cooperation between executive and legislature, but further thought persuaded him that elasticity and adaptability of Constitution permitted change without radical amendment of existing system.(4) In his second book, The State, published in 1889, Wilson argued that government's sole purpose was to objects of organized society, and do that there must be constant adjustment of governmental assistance needs of a changing social and industrial organization.(5) Specifically, Wilson believed that industrialization had so distorted competition as put it into power of some tyrannize over many, as enable rich and strong combine against and weak.(6) If government was accomplish objects of organized society, it must be able correct conditions that allowed few benefit, while many suffered. He came believe that administrative reform could give government that power without constitutional changes. and Functions of Government Reforms that would deal with abuses of industrialization fell into a category that Wilson defined as functions of government, as opposed those functions he called constituent. Constituent functions he defined as protection of life, liberty, and property. Such functions were essential survival of society and were thus common all governments. Ministrant functions, on other hand, were undertaken, not by way of governing, but by way of advancing general interests of society,--functions which are optional, being necessary only according standards of convenience or expediency, and not according standards of existence.(7) One might assume that constituent functions of government would be proper domain for apolitical administrators, while more controversial ministrant functions would be realm of political leadership, but Wilson asserted just opposite. Ministrant functions such as regulation of labor and industry, maintenance of transportation, communications and public utilities, education, care of poor and incapable, and conservation of natural resources, arose, he argued, not out of political whims but out of altered historical circumstances. …" @default.
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• W204135481 date "1998-03-22" @default.
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• W204135481 title "Woodrow Wilson and Administrative Reform" @default.
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