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- W2042545982 abstract "PHYSICAL PROCESSES are of major importance to marine ecosystems because marine plants have neither root nor branch. Unlike their terrestrial counterparts, they cannot use stems or branches to position themselves favorably in the sunlight, nor roots to tap the wealth of nutrients that lie below the ocean nutricline. Instead it is physical processes that provide the nutrient and light environments that shape marine ecosystems from their base in primary production. The important physical processes act at all scales. At the largest spatial scales (Fig. 1), wind-driven upwelling positions the nutricline quite close to the euphotic zone in subpolar gyres. Although such gyres are consequently rich in nutrients, primary production can be light-limited at least part of the year at these high latitudes. In contrast, light levels are higher and more constant throughout the year in subtropical gyres, but the nutrient supply is meager, because downwelling places the nutricline well below the euphotic zone. Whether the nutricline is shallow or deep, the actual vertical transport of nutrients up into the euphoric zone occurs through the action of small-scale physical processes, generally lumped together under the word turbulence. Over the past two decades, physical oceanographers have become increasingly able to measure such processes in the upper ocean, using various fields measured from freefall microscale profilers, supplemented more recently by a variety of innovative new techniques involving acoustics (Gargett, 1997a and the article by Farmer in this issue--Observing the Ocean Side of the Air-Sea Interface). Depending on the relative location of the" @default.
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- W2042545982 date "1997-01-01" @default.
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- W2042545982 title "Physics to Fish: Interactions Between Physics and Biology on a Variety of Scales" @default.
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- W2042545982 doi "https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.1997.05" @default.
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