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- W2042546551 abstract "CD8 T-cell responses constitute a key host defense mechanism against tumor cells and a variety of viral infections, including retroviral infections that lead to acquired immunodeficiency. However, both for tumor cells and for many viral infections, there can be a relative paucity of immunodominant protective CD8 T-cell responses. For retroviruses, their rapid and error-prone replication, coupled with initial CD8 T-cell immunoselection of epitope-variant, retroviral quasi-species, are major impediments to sustaining a protective CD8 T-cell response. To approach this limitation of functional CD8 T-cell epitopes, here we further characterize an underappreciated source of additional T-cell epitopes: cryptic determinants, in particular those encoded in unconventional, alternative reading frames (ARFs). By use of the CD8 T-cell epitope, SYNTGRFPPL, which we have defined as encoded by the +1NT ARF of the gag gene of the LP-BM5 retrovirus that causes murine AIDS, we further characterize the regulation of ARF-epitope expression. Specifically, we examine the translation initiation requirements for production of sufficient epitope for effector CD8 T-cell recognition. Such translation must arise from rare frame-shifting events, making it crucial to understand any other constraints on epitope production, and therefore on the ability of the anti-Kd/SYNTGRFPPL CD8 T cells to protect from LP-BM5 pathogenesis and retroviral load, as we have previously shown. The data herein demonstrate that ARF epitope production depends entirely on conventional AUG-initiated translation, and that the more proximal in-frame ARF AUG is most important. However, maximal epitope production for protective CD8 T-cell lytic function also requires synergy of this initiation codon with a counterpart conventional AUG codon upstream in the same ARF (ORF 2), and with the classic ORF 1 AUG that initiates conventional gag polyprotein translation. These results have implications for the design of ARF-epitope-based vaccines, both to counter retroviral pathogenesis, as well as potentially more broadly, including in tumor systems." @default.
- W2042546551 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2042546551 date "2010-12-01" @default.
- W2042546551 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2042546551 title "Alternative Translational Reading Frames as a Novel Source of Epitopes for an Expanded CD8 T-Cell Repertoire: Use of a Retroviral System to Assess the Translational Requirements for CTL Recognition and Lysis" @default.
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- W2042546551 doi "https://doi.org/10.1089/vim.2010.0057" @default.
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