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- W2042825905 abstract "•C9orf72 repeat expansions are the most frequent cause of FTLD/ALS spectrum diseases. •Expanded C9orf72 repeats are associated with diverse neurological diseases. •Expanded C9orf72 repeats lead to diverse pathological inclusions in the CNS. •Not all families in the FTLD/ALS spectrum are genetically explained. An expanded G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat in the proximal regulatory region of C9orf72 is a frequent cause of neurodegenerative diseases in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and motor neuron disease (MND) spectrum. Although primarily characterized by variably abundant pathological inclusions of TDP-43 protein, the lesion load was extended to TDP-43-negative, p62-positive neuronal and glial inclusions in extended regions of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in cerebellum, where they may be characteristic of a C9orf72 repeat expansion. Disease mechanisms associated with repeat expansion disorders, including haploinsufficiency, RNA toxicity, and abnormal translation of expanded repeat sequences, are beginning to emerge. We review genetic, clinical, and pathological highlights and discuss current insights into the biology of this novel type of repeat expansion disease. An expanded G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat in the proximal regulatory region of C9orf72 is a frequent cause of neurodegenerative diseases in the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and motor neuron disease (MND) spectrum. Although primarily characterized by variably abundant pathological inclusions of TDP-43 protein, the lesion load was extended to TDP-43-negative, p62-positive neuronal and glial inclusions in extended regions of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in cerebellum, where they may be characteristic of a C9orf72 repeat expansion. Disease mechanisms associated with repeat expansion disorders, including haploinsufficiency, RNA toxicity, and abnormal translation of expanded repeat sequences, are beginning to emerge. We review genetic, clinical, and pathological highlights and discuss current insights into the biology of this novel type of repeat expansion disease. disease penetrance which increases with age, whereby all carriers of a disease-associated allele exhibit clinical symptoms at a given age when disease penetrance is complete. the most common form of MND in which patients have both signs of upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration, which include muscular spasticity and hyperreflexia, and signs of lower motor neuron (LMN) degeneration, which comprise muscular atrophy and fasciculations. the inability of a person to recognize his or her own disability. the proportion of individuals carrying a specific allele at a given locus and who exhibit associated clinical symptoms. a form of neurodegenerative dementia in which predominantly the frontal and anterior temporal lobes are affected, characterized by progressive behavioral change or language difficulties. inverse correlation between generation number and onset and severity of disease in families, mostly due to instability of expanded repeats that tend to further increase in size with each generation. disease penetrance of less than 100%, whereby not all carriers of a disease-associated allele exhibit clinical symptoms. a progressive neurodegenerative condition that selectively affects the motor neurons located in the cerebral cortex (UMN), brainstem, and the anterior horn of the spinal cord (LMN), characterized by loss of voluntary muscle activity. a form of MND in which patients only exhibit signs of UMN degeneration. a form of FTLD characterized by loss of motor speech fluency and agrammatism, with relatively intact language comprehension. a form of MND which selectively affects the nerves supplying the bulbar muscles that are required for swallowing or speech production. a form of MND in which patients only have signs of LMN degeneration. a form of FTLD characterized by progressive language comprehension deficits and naming errors with otherwise spared speech production. occurrence of genetic differences between somatic cell populations of the body due to mitotically acquired DNA variation." @default.
- W2042825905 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2042825905 creator A5013899525 @default.
- W2042825905 creator A5039639102 @default.
- W2042825905 creator A5060034564 @default.
- W2042825905 creator A5082573855 @default.
- W2042825905 creator A5088006851 @default.
- W2042825905 date "2013-08-01" @default.
- W2042825905 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2042825905 title "Current insights into the C9orf72 repeat expansion diseases of the FTLD/ALS spectrum" @default.
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