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- W2043359470 abstract "This paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past 15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The external costs of rail freight increase by 12%. During this period, the external costs of road freight related to climate increase by 16%, oppositely than those from air pollution and accidents (51 and 44%). The external costs of rail related to pollutant emissions and climate increase by 4% and 43%. Oppositely, the external costs related to accidents decrease by 27%. Road freight generates eight times the external costs of rail, 2.35 Euro cents per tonne kilometre in 2005 (5.6% accidents, 74.7% air pollution and 19.7% climate) vs. 0.28 (13.4% accidents, 53.9% air pollution and 32.7% climate)." @default.
- W2043359470 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2043359470 date "2013-06-01" @default.
- W2043359470 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W2043359470 title "Changes in the external costs of freight surface transport In Spain" @default.
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- W2043359470 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2012.11.006" @default.
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