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• W2043930664 abstract "The ability of low glycerol concentrations and high cooling and warming rates to optimize the survival of frozen/thawed split-thickness porcine skin was investigated.1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the diffusion kinetics of glycerol in skin at 4, 12, and 22°C. Equilibrium concentrations were 44 to 69% of the external bathing medium. Rate constants for glycerol diffusion (D/l2) were calculated from the uptake data using a plane sheet model and a least squares method and were independent of external glycerol concentrations:D/l2= 3.84 × 10−4s−1at 4°C with an activation energy of 11.2 ± 4.3 kcal/mol. Skin was cooled rapidly (−5100°C/min) after different times of glycerol permeation at 4 or 22°C, and survival was assessed after warming (+5400°C/min) by an oxygen consumption assay. Recovery of aerobic activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and reached 100% after a 10-min exposure to 2Mglycerol at 4°C or 3 min at 22°C, for an uptake of 1.1Mglycerol. Light micrographs of freeze-substituted skin showed a glycerol-dependent decrease in the nucleation and growth of ice in the dermis and epidermis after rapid cooling. A 5-min exposure to 2Mglycerol at 22°C resulted in the elimination of all observable epidermal ice, except for extremely small ice crystals (≤0.5 μm diameter) in the intercellular spaces and in few nuclei, and complete preservation of the fibrous structure of dermal collagen bundles. This cryoprotective mechanism has the potential to offer complete protection of both dermal and viable epidermal targets of freeze/thaw injury and may be applicable to other thin, membranous tissues." @default.
• W2043930664 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2043930664 date "1997-08-01" @default.
• W2043930664 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2043930664 title "Injury and Protection in Split-Thickness Skin after Very Rapid Cooling and Warming" @default.
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• W2043930664 doi "https://doi.org/10.1006/cryo.1997.2025" @default.
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