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- W2044080888 abstract "Streptococcus pyogenes est une cause fréquente de dermo-hypodermite nécrosante chez les sujets sans facteurs de risque connus. La virulence des streptocoques est liée à plusieurs facteurs impliqués dans la suppuration, la nécrose tissulaire, la dissémination hématogène et le choc toxique. Les principaux sont la capsule, la protéine M, la streptolysine O et les exotoxines pyrogènes A et C qui sont des superantigènes. Staphylococcus aureus, seul ou en association avec les streptocoques, peut également être isolé de lésions situées sur toutes les régions du corps; sa diffusion septicémique est inconstante. Ses principaux facteurs de pathogénicité sont la capsule, la protéine A et la toxine du syndrome de choc toxique staphylococcique. À proximité des muqueuses oropharyngées, intestinales et génitales, les lésions sont souvent polymicrobiennes. Les streptocoques du groupe A y sont associés aux bactéries de la flore commensale, notamment aux bactéries anaérobies. Au niveau de la face, prédominent Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, Porphymmonas et Fusobacterium. À la partie inférieure du corps, Clostridium, Bacteroides, entérobactéries et entérocoques sont préférentiellement associés aux streptocoques. Pour limiter la multiplication bactérienne et la synthèse des protéines bactériennes, il est recommandé d'associer la clindamycine à une pénicilline. Selon le site des lésions, le métronidazole ou une molécule à large spectre est ajoutée. Bien que le choix de l'antibiothérapie soit primordial, en particulier en cas de septicémie, il ne doit pas retarder l'exploration chirurgicale et l'excision des tissus nécrosés, ni le traitement d'un état de choc. Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause of necrotizing cutaneous infections in otherwise healthy children and adults. Several surface components are involved in the processes of adherence and invasiveness, such as protein M and capsulae. Streptolysin O and other bacterial products, such as pyrogenic exotoxins, are involved in tissue injury and necrosis. Toxins A and C act as superantigens and are expressed by strains associated with the toxic shock syndrome. Staphyiococcus aureus, alone or in association with streptococci, is also commonly isolated form all body sites, but bacteremia is inconstant. Capsule, protein A, and the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin are the major pathogenicity factors. In infections of the face and the neck, the predominant anaerobes recovered in association with group A streptococci are Peptostreptococcus magnus, oral Prevotella, Porphyromonas spp.,and Fusobacterium spp. Bacteroidesfragilis.Clostridium, enterobacteria, and enterococci are recovered in infections located next to the perineal area. Penicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of streptococcal infections. However benzylpenicillin may be not sufficient for severe infections and large inoculum, therefore the administration of clindamycin or another inhibitor of protein synthesis is recommended. Since the infection may be polymicrobial, the initial therapy should include treatment for staphylococci and anaerobes. In some cases broadspectrum antibiotics also, effective on enterobacteria, are needed. The efficacy of appropriate parenteral antibiotics, however, depends on the prompt and aggressive exploration and debridement of suspected deep-seated infection, and supportive care of shock and multiple organ failure." @default.
- W2044080888 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2044080888 date "2000-12-01" @default.
- W2044080888 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2044080888 title "Dermo-hypodermites nécrosantes: données microbiologiques et pathogéniques" @default.
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