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- W2044983458 abstract "One of America’s prodigious inventors, scientists, and founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, suggested that “without continual growth and progress, such words as improvement, achievement, and success have no meaning.” He believed that scientific contributions should be used to increase efficiency and improve the human condition, sentiments that continue to motivate innovators. By inventing a universally applicable, self-retaining, table-fixed retractor, John Bookwalter markedly advanced a field that had seen dozens of ephemeral designs during the preceding 70 years. He aspired to improve the safety and efficacy of abdominal and pelvic surgery and enhance the learning environment for students and trainees. Subsequent modifications to the post, rings, and ratchets made the device easier and more flexible to use, thereby broadening its acceptance. As it became the most common self-retaining retractor in the United States, the Bookwalter helped transform the practice of surgery. Its history is interwoven into that of the last two generations of surgeons and epitomizes innovation in response to need; its future, however, in a profession increasingly dominated by minimally invasive techniques, remains less certain." @default.
- W2044983458 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2044983458 date "2015-08-01" @default.
- W2044983458 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2044983458 title "Development and Evolution of Self-Retaining Retractors in Surgery: The Example of the Bookwalter Retractor" @default.
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- W2044983458 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.03.048" @default.
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