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- W2045112623 abstract "Treatment of chickpea with HearNPV1 at 1.5×1012 p.i.b. per ha was as effective, or better at controlling Helicoverpa armigera larvae, and increasing yield relative to control, than either a standard chemical insecticide, endosulfan, or Bacillus thuringiensis, in two successive years. Currently high virus production costs make the viral treatments uncompetitive compared with the chemical treatment, but more economic than B. thuringiensis treatments. Several formulations of virus were tested, including an emulsifiable concentrate, a ULV suspension and a microencapsulated preparation, but none were consistently more effective than a filtered but un-purified aqueous suspension of HearNPV. Yield and pod damage correlated with mid and late season number of medium-sized and large larvae. Persistence of all treatments, including endosulfan and B. thuringiensis was short, and six treatments were necessary to provide adequate crop protection. HearNPV was the slowest-acting of the three control agents, with average survival times (AST) of 5.5 days, compared with 3.2 and 4.3 days for larvae fed leaves treated with B. thuringiensis and endosulfan, respectively. Marginal rates of return were not very sensitive to product costs. Further research should focus on formulations designed to prolong virus persistence, and socio-economic studies to design the optimal implementation route for this technology. Supply, cost and quality control issues need to be addressed." @default.
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- W2045112623 date "2000-02-01" @default.
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- W2045112623 title "Field evaluation of Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus formulations for control of the chickpea pod-borer, H. armigera (Hubn.), on chickpea (Cicer arietinum var. Shoba) in southern India" @default.
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- W2045112623 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(99)00089-7" @default.
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