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• W2045347253 abstract "Cysticerci from cattle exposed to a single inoculum of Taenia saginata eggs were shown to be viable in some animals for at least 639 days. This fact precludes the practical possibility of maintaining cattle sufficiently long to insure that all cysticerci are dead. Methods for determining viability of cysticerci and the variability in numbers of cysticerci developing in cattle from a single exposure to T. saginata ova are reported and discussed. A definite program to protect adult cattle from being infected with viable cysticerci was first outlined by Penfold and Penfold (1937). Their recommendations were that calves in enzootic areas should be deliberately infected in early life. They assumed from their experiments on adult cattle that the resulting cysticerci would live only a few months but would impart a life-long immunity against reinfection. Through the succeeding years their recommendations have apparently been kept in mind, for Silverman (1955) stated that the presence of viable cysticerci in a bovine indicated that the infection had taken place within the preceding 7 months. Urquhart (1961) described a modified system of control practiced by ranchers in East Africa. This system is based on the fact that a high percentage of calves are naturally infected at an early age, but during the last year of their lives they are grazed away from native dwellings. Presumably this amount of time is allowed in the belief that any viable cysts will die. In the same paper Urquhart pointed out the fallacy in this practice and stated that a proportion of cysticerci acquired in the early life of a bovine appear to survive for years. McIntosh and Miller (1960) concluded that it would be economically impractical to keep infected animals long enough to insure the absorption of the cysts and thus to permit the carcasses to be passed for human consumption. This was based on the fact that one of their experimentally infected steers was condemned for cysticercosis 55 weeks after it was exposed to viable ova of Taenia saginata. Froyd (1960) also suggested a similar point of view when he said, Cysts may, therefore, take very much longer to degenerate and calcify than was previously believed. Conversely, Lapage (1962) stated, About a year after devel pment has been completed the cysticerci die and become calcified and later disappear completely. The present report is intended to provide further evidence that cysticerci may remain viable for long periods of time in cattle. It is also a compilation of only one series of results on a more extensive project on bovine cysticercosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cattle utilized in these tests were Hereford steers purchased from a local ranch which had no history of bovine cysticercosis. Since none of the animals had ever been off the premises, it was assumed that none of them were infected. The steers were between 4 and 6 months of age when purchased and exposed to infection. Cattle were maintained throughout the experiment in concrete-floored pens that were washed down daily. The animals received a pelleted ration which contained all of the requirements for normal growth. In addition, fresh water and salt blocks with trace minerals were supplied ad lib. Adult T. saginata were obtained following treatment of several native and foreign individuals. Eggs were removed from the gravid proglottids and stored in normal saline at 4 C until needed. The number of eggs for inoculation was determined by dilution counts. All inocula were susReceived for publication 30 November 1962. * Supported in part by Research Grant E-3319 from the National Institutes of Health. Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 775." @default.
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• W2045347253 date "1963-04-01" @default.
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• W2045347253 title "Bovine Cysticercosis. I. Longevity of Cysticerci of Taenia saginata" @default.
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• W2045347253 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3275999" @default.
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