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• W2045534443 abstract "Homologous genes are classified into orthologs and paralogs, depending on whether they arose by speciation or duplication. It is widely assumed that orthologs share similar functions, whereas paralogs are expected to diverge more from each other. But does this assumption hold up on further examination? We present evidence that orthologs and paralogs are not so different in either their evolutionary rates or their mechanisms of divergence. We emphasize the importance of appropriately designed studies to test models of gene evolution between orthologs and between paralogs. Thus, functional change between orthologs might be as common as between paralogs, and future studies should be designed to test the impact of duplication against this alternative model. Homologous genes are classified into orthologs and paralogs, depending on whether they arose by speciation or duplication. It is widely assumed that orthologs share similar functions, whereas paralogs are expected to diverge more from each other. But does this assumption hold up on further examination? We present evidence that orthologs and paralogs are not so different in either their evolutionary rates or their mechanisms of divergence. We emphasize the importance of appropriately designed studies to test models of gene evolution between orthologs and between paralogs. Thus, functional change between orthologs might be as common as between paralogs, and future studies should be designed to test the impact of duplication against this alternative model. the retention of copies of genes after duplication is not random, relative to gene function or evolutionary rate. This bias can be a confounding factor in large scale analyses of paralogs: the function of duplicate genes in a genome results both from the bias in retention and from evolution after duplication. genes descending from a common ancestor. paralogs resulting from a duplication after a speciation event of reference. selection that decreases the chance of fixation of a mutation because it is detrimental; it results in a decrease in the rate of evolution of selected mutations. the process in which one paralog gains a new function, which is selectively advantageous. orthologs which are present in a single copy in each genome of interest. homologs which have diverged since a speciation event. paralogs resulting from a duplication before a speciation event of reference. homologs which have diverged since a duplication event. selection that increases the chance of fixation of a mutation because it is beneficial; it results in an increase in the rate of evolution of selected mutations. the process in which paralogs partition the ancestral function, so that each performs only part of this function. Subfunctionalization can happen by degenerating reciprocal mutations (DDC model), or by positive selection for specialization (escape from adaptive conflict)." @default.
• W2045534443 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2045534443 creator A5008456362 @default.
• W2045534443 creator A5054250703 @default.
• W2045534443 date "2009-05-01" @default.
• W2045534443 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2045534443 title "How confident can we be that orthologs are similar, but paralogs differ?" @default.
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• W2045534443 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2009.03.004" @default.
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