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- W2045584764 abstract "Patterns of demographic and social variation exhibited by the sweat bee Halictus ligatus, reveal that the expression of eusocial colony organization is associated with local environmental conditions, harsher conditions promoting more classical eusociality and gentler conditions promoting diminished eusociality. We examined a variety of factors affecting body size variation of H. ligatus at a nesting aggregation near Victoria in southern Ontario. Canada during the summers of 1984, 1990, and 1991. Body size variation was associated with gender and reproductive caste as expected. and there were significant colony effects on size as well. An unexpected result was the dramatic effect of local environmental conditions on body size. Changes in weather patterns from year to year resulted in significant body size variation among all classes of adult sweat bees, including queens, workers, gynes, and males. In 1990 cool, rainy weather led to the production of brood with relatively small body sizes, while in 1984 and 1991, relatively dry, warm weather had the opposite effect. Weather probably influenced brood body size by affecting the ability of adult female bees to gather provisions for the larvae, and so indirectly affecting food availability to brood. Since queens are produced a year before their own workers, environmental factors affecting their relative body sizes are uncorrelated. Nevertheless, the degree of eusocial colony organization is strongly affected by variation in the relative sizes of queens and workers, and this illustrates the extent to which stochastic environmental variation structures opportunities for behavioural interactions in primitively eusocial bees. The pattern of inverse variation between temperature and body size in this bee contradicts the general pattern of increased body size at higher temperatures generally seen in insects and other ectotherms, and indicates that social insects could be an exception to this rule." @default.
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- W2045584764 date "1996-10-01" @default.
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- W2045584764 title "The Socioecology of Body Size Variation in the Primitively Eusocial Sweat Bee, Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)" @default.
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- W2045584764 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/3545586" @default.
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