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- W2045586824 abstract "The C–C chemokine receptor CCR5 in humans and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) serves as the primary coreceptor for cellular entry by macrophagetropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and all reported strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) [1Alkhatib G Combadiere C Broder C Feng Y Kennedy P Murphy P et al.CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1.Science. 1996; 272 (96275693): 1955-1958Crossref PubMed Scopus (2393) Google Scholar, 2Chen Z Zhou P Ho DD Landau NR Marx PA Genetically divergent strains of simian immunodeficiency virus use CCR5 as a coreceptor for entry.J Virol. 1997; 71 (97213934): 2705-2714Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 3Choe H Farzan M Sun Y Sullivan N Rollins B Ponath PD et al.The beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates.Cell. 1996; 85 (96270515): 1135-1148Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2037) Google Scholar, 4Deng H Liu R Ellmeier W Choe S Unutmaz D Burkhart M et al.Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1.Nature. 1996; 381 (96260017): 661-666Crossref PubMed Scopus (3127) Google Scholar, 5Dragic T Litwin V Allaway GP Martin SR Huang Y Nagashima KA et al.HIV-1 entry into CD4+ cells is mediated by the chemokine receptor CC-CKR-5.Nature. 1996; 381 (96260018): 667-673Crossref PubMed Scopus (2756) Google Scholar, 6Marcon L Choe H Martin KA Farzan M Ponath PD Wu L et al.Utilization of C-C chemokine receptor 5 by the envelope glycoproteins of a pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmac239.J Virol. 1997; 71 (97184592): 2522-2527PubMed Google Scholar]. Humans homozygous for a 32 bp deletion allele of CCR5, resulting in a null phenotype, are highly resistant to infection by HIV-1 [7Samson M Libert F Doranz BJ Rucker J Liesnard C Farber CM et al.Resistance to HIV-1 infection in caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene.Nature. 1996; 382 (96345670): 722-725Crossref PubMed Scopus (2355) Google Scholar, 8Liu R Paxton W Choe S Ceradini D Martin S Horuk R et al.Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection.Cell. 1996; 86 (96339434): 367-377Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2465) Google Scholar, 9Dean M Carrington M Winkler C Huttley GA Smith MW Allikmets R et al.Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Hemophilia Growth and Development Study, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Multicenter Hemophilia Cohort Study, San Francisco City Cohort, ALIVE Study.Science. 1996; 273 (96386394): 1856-1862Crossref PubMed Scopus (2098) Google Scholar], prompting development of therapies and vaccines targeting CCR5. We now report a novel deletion allele of CCR5, with an allele frequency of 0.04, in sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus torquatus atys), a natural host of SIV (SIVsmm) [[10]Fultz PN McClure HM Anderson DC Swenson RB Anand R Srinivasan A Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from naturally infected sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys).Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986; 83 (86259775): 5286-5290Crossref PubMed Scopus (228) Google Scholar]. The mutant protein was not expressed at the cell surface and accordingly did not function as a viral coreceptor. Primary activated lymphocytes from mangabeys heterozygous for the deletion allele expressed significantly less CCR5 on the cell surface. Moreover, SIV seroprevalence and viremia were comparable among CCR5 heterozygotes and wild-type animals. Parallel evolution of CCR5-null alleles in humans and sooty mangabeys suggests that similar negative selection pressures have acted against CCR5, as would occur during epidemics of infectious agents that require CCR5 for pathogenesis. Sooty mangabeys bred to homozygosity for the deletion allele will be useful for experimental studies on the context-dependent role of CCR5 in host defense and microbial pathogenesis." @default.
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- W2045586824 date "1998-07-01" @default.
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- W2045586824 title "Parallel evolution of CCR5-null phenotypes in humans and in a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus" @default.
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