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- W2045704989 abstract "Quantitation of superoxide radical (O2•-) production at the site of radical generation remains challenging. Microdialysis sampling is an advantageous tool for sampling from localized environments. It is difficult to combine electron spin resonance (ESR) spin traps with microdialysis because O2•- adducts with common nitrone spin traps have shorter half-lives than typical microdialysis collection times. Furthermore, typical dialysate samples (5−15 μL) suffer significant sensitivity loss when diluted for detection in a conventional ESR flat cell (200 μL). To overcome these difficulties, a cyclic hydroxylamine, 1-hydroxy-4-phosphonooxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (PP−H), which produces a stable nitroxide radical (PP•) product upon reaction with O2•- was employed. Capillary cells (1.4 μL effective volume) coupled with a loop−gap resonator were utilized to measure PP• in microliter microdialysis samples (LOD 0.36 pmol). A xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) model system provided sustained O2•- production. When PP−H was included in the X/XO medium external to the microdialysis probe, a relative recovery of 22.1 ± 1.1 and 57.2 ± 5.7% for PP• was achieved at perfusion fluid flow rates of 0.5 and 1.0 μL/min, respectively. The respiratory burst in interferon-γ and zymosan-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was also investigated." @default.
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- W2045704989 date "2004-07-03" @default.
- W2045704989 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2045704989 title "Microdialysis Sampling Combined with Electron Spin Resonance for Superoxide Radical Detection in Microliter Samples" @default.
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- W2045704989 doi "https://doi.org/10.1021/ac035543g" @default.
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