FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2046114568> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2046114568 endingPage "75" @default.
• W2046114568 startingPage "73" @default.
• W2046114568 abstract "Malnutrition affects 40% to 70% of elderly patients in hospitals and in institutional care and 5% to 10% of all persons older than 70 y. This phenomenon is a consequence not only of the aging process and reduced food intake but also of stress and disease. Physiologic changes accompany malnutrition in the elderly, including a loss of muscle mass, a fall in protein synthesis, and impaired atrophy of the digestive mucosa. Malnutrition in the elderly has important consequences on morbidity and mortality. In particular, malnutrition favors the onset of infection and the occurrence of fractures. One characteristic of the elderly is their failure to regain weight and former nutrition status during the months after injury or disease. Correct management of nutrition status and early refeeding of the malnourished elderly is therefore of major importance and helps reduce complications. If protein-energy malnutrition is not rapidly corrected, bed sores and infectious complications can occur. It then becomes difficult for such patients to ingest sufficient food orally, making enteral nutrition a necessity. However, intensive enteral nutrition in frail elderly patients can be a major source of iatrogenic disorders and is costly. Overall, the evidence indicates that an improvement in the nutrition status of elderly patients has important clinical and socioeconomic consequences. In addition to manipulating quantitative intake, qualitative intake needs to be considered. Research on preventive measures using amino acids (AAs) and precursors has been conducted in recent years. Some AAs are important regulators of protein turnover and can counteract functional and metabolic disorders induced by trauma. Supplementation with these AAs brings us into the field of pharmacologic nutrition. Two of the best known of these are glutamine and arginine. Glutamine is an important fuel for all rapidly dividing cells (including enterocytes and immune cells), a precursor of glutathione, pyrimidines, and purines, and it stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein catabolism. This justifies including (in parenteral products) or increasing (in oral and enteral products) glutamine in diets for injured patients. Solano et al. recently reported changes in nutrition status indicators of institutionalized elderly patients induced by addition of monosodium glutamate to food. However, it is difficult to determine whether the action of glutamate, the direct precursor of glutamine, in the improvement of nutrition status is mediated by its metabolic or its taste-enhancing effect. Because one of the metabolites or precursors of glutamine is -ketoglutarate, administering this as a calcium salt to patients with chronic renal failure has been envisaged. Another salt, ornithine -ketoglutarate (OKG), was evaluated initially for the purpose of reducing ammonia levels in patients with terminal liver cirrhosis. Although clinical investigations have confirmed lower ammonia levels in patients treated with OKG, there was no improvement in coma status. However, investigators noticed improvements in nutrition status in OKG-treated patients. This review covers the literature on the nutritional effects of OKG in the elderly. OKG is a salt formed of two molecules of ornithine and one of -ketoglutarate (10 g of OKG contains 1.30 g of nitrogen). For a full review, see Cynober. The effects of OKG on nutrition status were demonstrated 15y ago. Results showed that OKG is a potent nutritional modulator characterized by an anticatabolic activity, anabolic activity, or both, according to the tissue considered and the pathologic situation, and is an efficient immunomodulator and a key promotor of wound healing and tissue repair. The mechanisms underlying the improved nutritional status resulting from OKG administration are not completely understood. OKG action is probably multifactorial, linked to the stimulation of the secretion of anabolic hormones (insulin and growth factor), to the production of OKG metabolites, or both, such as glutamine, arginine, proline, and polyamines. All of these act in the control of protein anabolism and modulation of cell multiplication and differentiation and thus play a major role in the viability and function of the proximal intestine. All these effects result largely from the specific interaction between the two components of the molecule. In the elderly, OKG improves clinical outcome in chronic malnutrition by increasing appetite and body weight gain and improving healing (Table I) . The first study, published in 1985, was conducted in hospitalized patients with chronic malnutrition (infection, cancer, lung, heart, neurologic, or digestive diseases). They received 0, 5, 10, or 20 g/d of OKG in the morning (20 to 22 patients in each group). Nutritional assessment was performed with the use of biological parameters. At day 30 increases in albumin and transferrin concentrations were observed as the major effects of 10 g of OKG. Baes et al. enrolled 52 patients with protein malnutrition mainly associated with cancer or lung disease or recovering from acute illnesses or surgery. These patients received various amount of OKG during two periods of 10 d. Evaluation criteria included anthropometric parameters (weight and brachial circumference) and subjective indices such as asthenia (score of 1 to 7) and appetite (mainly for meat; 100-point visual rating scale). Marked improvement for asthenia and appetite for meat (22 of the 52 patients) was noted in the OKG-treated group. Mettetal et al. studied 40 elderly hospitalized patients presenting anorexia and weight loss. They were included in a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled study. The patients presented vascular, respiratory, or bone diseases; patients with cancer or infectious diseases were excluded. OKG (10 g) or placebo was administered daily with meals in a glass of flavored water. An increase in protein and calorie intake (weight of patients’ meal Correspondence to: L. Cynober, PharmD, PhD, Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculte de Pharmacie, 4, avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris Cedex, France. E-mail: luc.cynober@htd. ap-hop-paris.fr" @default.
• W2046114568 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2046114568 creator A5014910306 @default.
• W2046114568 creator A5029875699 @default.
• W2046114568 creator A5037247539 @default.
• W2046114568 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W2046114568 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2046114568 title "Use of ornithine α-ketoglutarate in clinical nutrition of elderly patients" @default.
• W2046114568 cites W1979308739 @default.
• W2046114568 cites W2017137325 @default.
• W2046114568 cites W2036738808 @default.
• W2046114568 cites W2060442816 @default.
• W2046114568 cites W2091049485 @default.
• W2046114568 cites W2097313137 @default.
• W2046114568 cites W2140573880 @default.
• W2046114568 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00849-3" @default.
• W2046114568 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12507647" @default.
• W2046114568 hasPublicationYear "2003" @default.
• W2046114568 type Work @default.
• W2046114568 sameAs 2046114568 @default.
• W2046114568 citedByCount "32" @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682014 @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682016 @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682018 @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682020 @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682021 @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682022 @default.
• W2046114568 countsByYear W20461145682023 @default.
• W2046114568 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2046114568 hasAuthorship W2046114568A5014910306 @default.
• W2046114568 hasAuthorship W2046114568A5029875699 @default.
• W2046114568 hasAuthorship W2046114568A5037247539 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C177713679 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C2776796294 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C2777468819 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C42407357 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C515207424 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C55493867 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConcept C74909509 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C126322002 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C177713679 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C185592680 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C2776796294 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C2777468819 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C42407357 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C515207424 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C55493867 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C71924100 @default.
• W2046114568 hasConceptScore W2046114568C74909509 @default.
• W2046114568 hasIssue "1" @default.
• W2046114568 hasLocation W20461145681 @default.
• W2046114568 hasLocation W20461145682 @default.
• W2046114568 hasOpenAccess W2046114568 @default.
• W2046114568 hasPrimaryLocation W20461145681 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W1966504330 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W1974041167 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W1979139803 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2030889776 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2037631372 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2040058909 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2070567609 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2073527559 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2159000141 @default.
• W2046114568 hasRelatedWork W2391409986 @default.
• W2046114568 hasVolume "19" @default.
• W2046114568 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2046114568 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2046114568 magId "2046114568" @default.
• W2046114568 workType "article" @default.