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- W2046204230 abstract "Our evolutionary model of depressive mood change based on social competition postulates that depression evolved as the yielding component, or yielding subroutine (YS), of ritual agonistic behavior (RAB). Since RAB is ubiquitous among present-day vertebrates, it is likely to have been an early vertebrate behavioral adaptation; and the neurochemical structures and processes that underlie yielding behavior in existing species could well be similar both to each other and to the structures and processes underlying at least some forms of human depressive states. We use a bird model to generate a mathematical model that describes the mutual pecking of two birds in both symmetrical and asymmetrical relationships. The YS/RAB is triggered when receipt of pecks in one bird reaches a predetermined level, and it takes the form of a set of instructions that alters the terms of the mutual pecking equation in such a way that extreme values are avoided. Thus, ritualization of agonistic behavior is maintained. Face validity for the model is provided by the occurrence of depressive behavior in birds undergoing a YS/RAB. Structural validity is provided by the correspondence of the instructions for the YS/RAB with the clinical features of the depressive state in humans. The model predicts that in depressive states the expression of up-hierarchy aggression is reduced and down-hierarchy aggression may be increased." @default.
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- W2046204230 date "1987-01-01" @default.
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- W2046204230 title "Depression as yielding behavior: An animal model based on Schjelderup-Ebbe's pecking order" @default.
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- W2046204230 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(87)90021-5" @default.
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