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• W2046550019 abstract "The egg envelopes of the dragonfly, Sympetrum infuscatum, consisted of three layers, the vitelline membrane (the innermost layer) and the inner and outer layers of chorion, their thickness being about 9, 0·3 and 3 μm. respectively. The major constituents of the envelopes were structural proteins, and they were divided into three different protein fractions. The two fractions which originated from the chorion were soluble in a thiol-urea solvent, and they were obtained as soluble S-carboxymethyl derivatives, CM-fractions I and II. Both of them contained a large amount of S-carboxymethylcysteine, but they differed from each other remarkably in the contents of amide, glycine, alanine and sugars. The average molecular weights of CM-fractions I and II were estimated to be 8900 and 15 000 respectively. The constituent of the vitelline membrane was insoluble in the thiol-urea solvent and was referred to as the ‘insoluble residue’. This protein fraction did not contain cystine at all but contained dityrosyl and trityrosyl residues (4 μmoles and 1 μmole per 100 mg. of sample respectively) as another type of intermolecular cross-link. The approximate proportions of CM-fractions I, II and insoluble residue in the egg envelopes in the native state were assumed to be 1 : 3 : 14. The yellow colour of the newly laid eggs changed to dark brown after exposure to air. This darkening process was found to occur in the vitelline membrane. The insoluble residue obtained from the dark eggs was also dark brown in colour and was more resistant against the hydrolysis by acid, alkali and proteolytic enzyme than was the yellow insoluble residue. The contents of tyrosine, lysine and histidine in the dark insoluble residue were markedly lower than those in the yellow residue, without any appreciable difference in the contents of other amino-acids. Similar changes were observable, though to a lesser extent, when the yellow insoluble residue was incubated with a mushroom tyrosinase. Thus, the chemical structure of the vitelline membrane, which had been stabilized by dityrosyl and trityrosyl residues, was assumed to be further reinforced during the darkening process by the mechanism of ‘self-tanning’. The results obtained from the eggs of another species of dragonfly, S. frequens, generally agreed well with those described for S. infuscatum material, with one exception that the CM-fraction II of S. frequens was obtained as two subfractions, CM-fractions IIa and IIb." @default.
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• W2046550019 date "1974-03-01" @default.
• W2046550019 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
• W2046550019 title "Structural proteins in the egg envelopes of dragonflies, Sympetrum infuscatum and S. frequens" @default.
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• W2046550019 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1790(74)90046-8" @default.
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