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• W2046809100 abstract "Abstract This paper describes new research into the role and importance of the carbonate/bicarbonate pH-buffer added to formate based well construction fluids along with a newly developed field method for determining buffer concentrations. For many years it has been recommended practice to buffer formate brines with carbonate and bicarbonate for corrosion control. Bicarbonate is also the product of the dominant thermal decomposition reaction in formate brine. Since this is an equilibrium reaction, according to Le Chateliers Principle, this additive should cause the equilibrium to establish sooner. Past attempts to demonstrate this have been unsuccessful because it has been difficult to accurately reproduce downhole hydrothermal conditions in laboratory autoclaves. This challenge has now been overcome with specialist equipment that has made it possible to accurately simulate downhole conditions and prove that chemical equilibria do indeed establish downhole. Test results have shown that the equilibrium favors high formate concentrations, meaning that the presence of only relatively small amounts of carbonate/bicarbonate is required for the equilibrium to establish. Along with the growing understanding of the importance of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer, there has been a growing demand for a field method to accurately measure carbonate and bicarbonate concentrations as the standard API method for determination of alkalinity does not work in formate brines. The newly developed, simple field method consists of an accurate pH-determination combined with a standard phenolphthalein titration. The method has been extensively tested in the laboratory, and should be reviewed by API for possible inclusion in the API recommended practices. This new understanding of the roles of the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer has provided us with a better basis for making recommendations as to how to buffer the brine and maintain the appropriate buffer levels for different applications. Combined with the new field method for determining buffer levels, these new insights provide the oil industry with a robust technology to meet the well challenges of the future." @default.
• W2046809100 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2046809100 date "2009-04-20" @default.
• W2046809100 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2046809100 title "Formate Brines for HPHT Well Control—New Insights into the Role and Importance of the Carbonate/Bicarbonate Additive Package" @default.
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• W2046809100 doi "https://doi.org/10.2118/121550-ms" @default.
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