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• W2046875416 abstract "There are some authors, for instance, L. Michuel is and K. Salomon, who will deny any metabolic function in the erythrocytes of mammals, taking the non-nucleated nature of the latter in survey. Still, this view does not hold evidently before return of the present experimentation, either. In fact, when red blood corpuscles are suspended on saline-phosphate buffer and XO2 is measured, O2 gets completely consumed through 2 cc of said suspension, therefore, exactly containing corpuscle number just corresponding to I cc of original blood. The result stands out for repeated tests and even when the material was kept in the refrigerator for 24 hours. O2: measurement of blood corpuscles is profoundly influenced through the time duration and through the condition governing the medium, thus necessitating absolutely quick disposal of the test. Nevertheless, if glyco-Ringer solution is substituted in place of saline-phosphate solution, the measurement of values XO2, XCO2, XMO2 and XNM2 are made cuite prackicable. This has been proved through the data introduced above. Now purporting to provide a bird's-eye view, here is presented table 8 including all the average values mentioned above. Of these findings, the most outstanding feature must be the value concerning aerobic glycol sis. As is well known since Warburg the aerobic glycolysis in normal cells of a healthy subject has been considered to be very low, but there have since appeared mine opposing theories: for instance, Negelein maintains that aerobic glycolysis shall take place never in the erythroblasts of birds as well as in the non-nucleated erythrocytes of mammals, as there are only spurious metabolic functions assumable at the least, though Burger-and others will not deny the aerobic glycolysis in non-nucleated erythrocytes, altogether. Anyway, one thing stands true here that it must be admitted that the amount, if any, can never be large. What attracted my attention here in the present investigation. however, was high aerobic glycolysis value with the aggravated types of schizophrenia returned in so marked a measure. Whereas, the average value in normal subjects stands at 8.2 cmm, that of the stuporous type reads 51.5 cmm, 6 times as high a value, and in the excitatory cases the cipher comes to be 34.8 cmm in average, over 4 times as high again. In contrast with these, ciphers both of the chronic progressive and chronic stationary types stand at about 15 cmm, only twice as high as that of nosnial subjects or so. Closest to the normal value comes now that of the improving and remissionary type, returning 10.9 cmm. Another noteworthy finding is met with, in reduction of the Meyerho f quotient. In the formula XMN2-XMO2/XO2, the greater XMO2 the smaller shall grow the value of the whole all too necessarily. Now it is by no means unreasonable to ascertain that the value of M. Q. gets influenced through clinical conditions according as to whether process improve or aggravate. While M. Q. in a normal subject stands above 0.9 as a rule with an average 1.1, the values stand varied in schizophrenia, especially each according to its clinical type. The greatest reduction of it is to be seen in the excitatory and stuporous types, as the former returns 0.48 and the latter 0.49, both revealing disparity from normality evidently. In the next place comes the chronic progressive type with an average of 0.68, a value still remote from 1.1, the normal value. While it would appear rather natural that the remissionary and improving type returns 1.08, 1.0 in the chronic statuary type, just approaching the normal value, must seem certainly unusual. Concerning blood gas ratio, also, in certain cases belonging to the chronic stationary type it was found to lie within the range of normal value with regard to R. Q. and other findings. In a certain sense, the chronic stationary type may be considered as, so to speak, a remission of the inferior stage, or in other words, a type having its cause rooted deep in incurable constitutional defect. At any rate, the value of M. Q. alone dose by no means seems to represent an adequate criterion for setting apart the normal from the improving or remissionary type as such. Then, as to the prablem of respiratory quantity, normal respiratory quantity always consists of 56.2 cmm of XO2 in average againtst 101.0 cmm of XCO2 in average, by estimated R.Q. of 1.8. Compared with this, 0.9–1.1 of the brain K. Q. obtained through gas analysis of the cerebral blood in the test cases stands by far much too low. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that material whatever combustible to be found there in the brain may never be sugar exclusively. The fact that stands of the R. Q. lower than normal value dose by no means indicates any presence of improving condition there as it speaks just the same as in the case of blood gas experiment. In XO2 value just introduced, there also exists a great disparity from that of normal. Indeed, while XO2 of the excitatory cases stands lower than that of normal by 10 cmm more, the stuporous cases, on the contrary, possess a value higher than normal by 10 cmm or more. As to the R. Q. value, that of the excitatory cases stands at 1.3 and that of the stuporous cases at 1.2, both presenting a striking contrast with the normal value as it was with XO2. Concerning the chronic progressive cases. there is no significant disparity with normal value with regard to XO2 and XCO2, but R. Q. value by 1.6 reads pretty divergent towards the low side. Again, it must appear somehow problematic that, XO2, XCO2 and R.Q. of the chronic stationary cases coming up to approximately the some with those of the remission and improving type. both stand only slightly lower than those of normal and without big disparity. This is, indeed, what I like to propose to call it the “remission of the inferior stage,” which wants of course further inquiry. To start from a survey on XO2 again, bath the stuporous and chronic progressive cases prove an acceleration of XO2 contrasted with the excitatory, chronic stationary, and remission-improving types inherent with decline of it, with the normal value falling in between the medium. Solution of the question as to what cause or causes this acceleration resp. decline has to thank to for their forthcoming, must be left to the future so long. However, the significance of R.Q. values stands incomparably more distinct than those of XO2 and XCO2, reading 1.9 in the remissionary-improving cases, 1.8 in the chronic stationary cases and 1.6 in the chronic progressive cases because each of these figures tells much, interpreting the substrata of each type as was stated above. Now, let us summarize the above once and again: 1. Schizophrenic processes display abnormality in the respiration and sugar metabolism of the red blood corpuscles. 2. Thereby, a marked acceleration of aerobic glycolysis makes an outstanding feature. 3. Mayerhof quotient is found so reduced downwards as 0.9 and below. 4. The oxygen consumption rate is either markedly accelerated or reduced. 5. The above has been verified by means of Warburg's method, the manipulation standing in no relation to the blood-flow." @default.
• W2046875416 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2046875416 date "1953-06-01" @default.
• W2046875416 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2046875416 title "A STUDY ON SCHIZOPHRENIA PART I. RESPIRATION AND GLYCOLYSIS OF ERYTHROCYTES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA" @default.
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• W2046875416 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.1953.tb01270.x" @default.
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