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- W2047334513 abstract "Abstract During World War II, Hitler sent several of Germany's Uboats to the Gulf of Mexico to conduct warfare on merchant shipping and halt petroleum shipments. In less than a year, fifty-six merchant vessels were sunk and several others were severely damaged. During that entire operation only one Uboat was lost in the Gulf of Mexico. That U-boat was the U- 166. Since 1942 the U-166 was thought to have been sunk by the U.S. Coast Guard south of Isle Dernieres, Louisiana in the South Timbalier Area. Numerous surveys have crossed the area, but no trace of the U-166 was ever identified until recently. In 2001, C & C Technologies, Inc. (C & C) began using the HUGIN 3000 AUV for offshore oil and gas surveys in the Gulf of Mexico. While conducting a pipeline survey for BP Exploration and Production Inc. (BP) and Shell International (Shell), C & C's marine archaeologists identified a sonar target in the vicinity of the shipwreck, Robert E. Lee, which they thought might be the long sought after German U-boat, U-166. The oil companies approved further investigation with the HUGIN 3000, which revealed spectacular sonar and multibeam bathymetry images lending further evidence to the U-boat hypothesis. On May 31 a research team from C & C, the Minerals Management Service, BP, and Shell conducted an ROV investigation of the site confirming the identity and location of U-166 and its last victim, the Robert E. Lee. Introduction In January 2001, BP and Shell contracted C & C to survey a route for the Okeanos pipeline. In doing so BP and Shell supported the use of a newly developed deepwater survey vehicle. C & C would use their new HUGIN 3000 AUV, a state of the art deep-water survey vehicle. This AUV carries a full array of survey instruments and is capable of faster and more accurate surveys than conventional deep-tow systems. The oil companies willingness to take advantage of this new technology lead to an astounding discovery that helped solve a captivating historical mystery in the Gulf of Mexico. The HUGIN 3000 AUV (High Precision Untethered Geosurvey and Inspection System, Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) is a third generation AUV by Kongsberg Simrad and the first commercially operated AUV capable of surveying to 3000 meters water depth. The HUGIN 3000 is the result of the cooperative efforts of C & C and Simrad, and was developed out of a commitment from BP for next generation survey technology.1 This AUV is integrated with a multiinstrument survey payload consisting of a Simrad EM 2000 (200 kHz) swath bathymetry system, dual frequency Edgetech Chirp side scan sonar (120 kHz and 410 kHz), and an Edgetech Chirp subbottom profiler. Because it is an untethered system, running on internal power, it can operate even in rough seas at faster speeds with greater mobility and accuracy than conventional towed arrays." @default.
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- W2047334513 date "2002-05-06" @default.
- W2047334513 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W2047334513 title "The Discovery of U-166: Rewriting History with New Technology" @default.
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- W2047334513 doi "https://doi.org/10.4043/14136-ms" @default.
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