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- W2047984926 abstract "Associations between aplastic anaemia (AA) and other autoimmune (AI) diseases, particularly Graves disease, fasciitis or thymoma (Kumar & Goldman, 2002; Hirano et al, 2003) or coeliac disease (CD) with autoimmune disease (AI) have rarely been reported (Green & Cellier, 2007). The first three cases of CD associated with AA were recently published (Grey-Davies et al, 2008). We report the clinical and biological characteristics of five patients diagnosed with AA and CD in our centre. CD was diagnosed in three patients at the same time as AA while the two other patients were diagnosed with CD before AA (Table I). CD had always been suspected because of chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption and was diagnosed based on histology with mild to severe duodenal villous atrophy associated with an increase of intra-epithelial lymphocyte rate. These patients had also antibodies against Gliadin and/or transglutaminase. Observation of <30% cellularity during histopathological examination of bone marrow biopsies associated with pancytopenia diagnosed AA. Severity of AA was graded according to Camitta criteria from non-severe to very severe AA (Camitta, 1988). All patients had normal bone marrow cytogenetics and two had paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). Four of our five patients were HLA DQ 02 as are the majority of CD patients (Green & Cellier, 2007). The main patients’ characteristics are shown in Table I. Haematological evolution was marked by progressive cytopenias and all patients were treated with anti-thymoglobulin (ATG) plus ciclosporin (CSA). Patient 1 responded to this regimen but remained CSA-dependent. The four other patients failed to respond to immunosuppression, three of whom underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Table I). Concerning CD, diarrhoea returned in Patients 1–3 despite following a gluten-free diet (GFD). Histology at relapse showed the persistence of duodenal villous atrophy only in Patient 2, which led to the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) in 1991. This hypothesis was supported by the good response to CSA. Patients 1 and 3, who also relapsed, were diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and collagenous colitis respectively. Unlike Grey-Davies et al (2008), only one of our patients (Patient 4) had no familial or personal medical histories of autoimmune disease (Table I). Constitutional T-regulatory-cell (Treg) deficit has been associated with various autoimmune diseases, including cytopenia and AIE (Gambineri et al, 2003). Mutation in the forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) is associated with a severe immune disorder, the immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked syndrome (IPEX) but some milder forms have been described, including diagnoses in adults (Zuber et al, 2007). An acquired Treg deficit was reported once in AA (Solomou et al, 2007). We failed to demonstrate that any of our patients had a Treg deficit but lymphocytes had been immuno-phenotyped (CD4+ CD25+FOXP3) only in living patients and only in Patient 5 at diagnosis, which renders interpretation impossible. All digestive biopsies were reviewed to look for arguments supporting another diagnosis including AIE. Classical CD that responds well to GFD is not usually associated with AIE but CD patients relapsing on GFD can be suspected of having AIE, or another sprue-like disease (Freeman, 2008). Digestive disease was apparently recurrent in 1–3 patients. Only Patient 2, suspected of having an AIE in 1991, had villous atrophy at diarrhoea relapse on GFD. She also had a history of idiopathic thrombopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), associated with common variable immune deficiency (CVID). Sera from four patients were collected to test for the presence of circulating anti-enterocyte antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and a quantitative radioligand assay against the 75-kDa autoantigen [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)] (method described in Patey-Mariaud de Serre et al, 2008) and were negative in three cases (Patient 1, 3 and 5). Unfortunately, there was no frozen serum sample available for Patient 2, who may have had clinical and histological AIE. Only patient 3’s serum was positive by ELISA. In conclusion, an AA-CD association is more frequent than previously thought. Another digestive disease may appear during AA-CD evolution. The systematic search for anti-Gliadin or transglutaminase antibodies as part of the immunological work-up for AA remains debatable. The prognosis of AA-CD is poor, mainly because of haematological complications. More studies are needed on this particular association, which has been largely underestimated until now." @default.
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- W2047984926 date "2009-06-10" @default.
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- W2047984926 title "Coeliac disease and aplastic anaemia: a specific entity?" @default.
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- W2047984926 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07719.x" @default.
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