Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2048308973> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 56 of
56
with 100 items per page.
- W2048308973 endingPage "120" @default.
- W2048308973 startingPage "111" @default.
- W2048308973 abstract "Epidemiology can pick out large-scale determinants of human cancer, such as smoking. Also, epidemiology can pick out carcinogens such as asbestos to which groups of perhaps a few hundred or a few thousand workers have been heavily exposed for decades. However, if highly exposed groups cannot be studied then epidemiology cannot recognize carcinogens which, although perhaps widely distributed, produce only a small percentage increase in particular cancers. Almost all of the environmental pollutants that can affect human cancer incidence will do so only to a very minor extent, at the levels to which we are currently exposed. For this reason, and also because it is often difficult to define an exposed and an unexposed group which do not differ in other ways as well, it will almost always be impossible to do anything epidemiologically except to set a very crude upper limit on their likely hazards. The only way, therefore, to get any direct estimate of these hazards is by laboratory studies of the effects of high doses on various model systems. For this and for other reasons, it would be highly desirable to have good laboratory models for human carcinogenesis. The characteristics required of satisfactory laboratory systems are reviewed, and it is argued that systematic errors may arise unless one studies epithelial cells from large, long-lived species under conditions of chronic, low-dose exposure to noxious test agents in conjunction with standard chronic doses of agents which may be synergistic with the test agents. (Carcinogenic mutagens may be synergistic with carcinogenic non-mutagens.) For reasons of expense and speed, such studies must be done in vitro . If such in-vitro systems can be developed, either by using tissue explants or cell cultures, an important criterion which they will have to satisfy to be trusted will be that under chronic exposure the rate of transformation should be proportional to something like the fourth power of exposure duration. This paper chiefly reviews the reasons for choosing these specifications for a trustworthy in-vitro model for human carcinogenesis." @default.
- W2048308973 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2048308973 date "1979-07-18" @default.
- W2048308973 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2048308973 title "Detection of risk of cancer to man" @default.
- W2048308973 doi "https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1979.0052" @default.
- W2048308973 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40232" @default.
- W2048308973 hasPublicationYear "1979" @default.
- W2048308973 type Work @default.
- W2048308973 sameAs 2048308973 @default.
- W2048308973 citedByCount "18" @default.
- W2048308973 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C107130276 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C114246631 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C121608353 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C142724271 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C33070731 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C54355233 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C555283112 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConcept C99454951 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C107130276 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C114246631 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C121608353 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C126322002 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C142724271 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C33070731 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C54355233 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C555283112 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C71924100 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C86803240 @default.
- W2048308973 hasConceptScore W2048308973C99454951 @default.
- W2048308973 hasIssue "1158" @default.
- W2048308973 hasLocation W20483089731 @default.
- W2048308973 hasLocation W20483089732 @default.
- W2048308973 hasOpenAccess W2048308973 @default.
- W2048308973 hasPrimaryLocation W20483089731 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W1558871578 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W15817214 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W161652093 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W1971147829 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W2061295612 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W2061752523 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W2416560908 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W2435328238 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W3128597995 @default.
- W2048308973 hasRelatedWork W2576829816 @default.
- W2048308973 hasVolume "205" @default.
- W2048308973 isParatext "false" @default.
- W2048308973 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W2048308973 magId "2048308973" @default.
- W2048308973 workType "article" @default.