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• W2048543153 abstract "This study was conducted to identify and quantify, over time, selected cytokine responses in Long–Evans rats that were exposed to staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB). The kinetics of selected cytokines [interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐6, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)] and phenotype and cell cycle analysis of T lymphocytes were determined in Long–Evans rats administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of either 50 μg or 500 μg of SEB. Rats injected with 50 μg SEB had significantly elevated levels of IL‐2, IL‐6 and IFN‐γ in their serum 2 hr post‐injection. IL‐2 serum levels were significantly elevated at 2 hr and returned to near control values by 12 hr while both IL‐6 and IFN‐γ peaked at 6 hr but remained significantly increased at 24 hr post SEB exposure. A 500 μg dose of SEB did not further enhance these cytokine responses. When spleen cells were collected for culture 2 hr after rats were injected i.p. with 50 μg SEB and cocultured with SEB, TNF and IL‐6 levels were significantly increased after 2 hr incubation, while IL‐2 and IL‐6 were significantly elevated at 6 hr. Production of all these cytokines in spleen cell cultures continued to increase over the 24 hr sampled. Peritoneal cells were collected for culture either at 1 hr or 2 hr after injection of either 50 μg or 500 μg of SEB. IL‐6 was significantly increased after 1 hr in culture while TNF was significantly increased by 2 hr regardless of whether the cells were harvested 1 or 2 hr after SEB injection. The greatest response for both IL‐6 and TNF occurred when cells from animals injected with 50 μg SEB were restimulated in vitro with SEB. The peak levels for IL‐6 were at 12 hr post SEB exposure while TNF peaked at 6 hr. The percentage of CD4 + cells was significantly increased at 48 hr and 72 hr post SEB (50 μg) administration while the percentage of CD8 + cells remained similar to control values for the 168‐hr test period. A similar pattern was observed in cell cycling where the CD4 + cells proliferated up to 2 days post SEB injection and then were significantly suppressed at day 3. The CD8 + cells were comparable to control values. These studies demonstrate that the cytokine responses in Long–Evans rats exposed to a superantigen are somewhat similar to those that occur in mice and humans, e.g. a rapid short increase in the production of IFN‐γ and TNF that was accompanied by an increase in the production of IL‐2. Additional responses noted in this species, however, were a marked increase in IL‐6 production, as well as an early increase in the number and cycling of CD4 + cells followed by a down‐regulation of these events. These activities occurred in the absence of notable histopathological alteration of lymphoid organs. The results indicate that the Long–Evans rat is an acceptable animal model to investigate the pathogenesis of superantigen‐induced disease and that IL‐6 may be an active mediator of this process." @default.
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• W2048543153 date "1998-11-01" @default.
• W2048543153 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2048543153 title "Superantigen activation and kinetics of cytokines in the Long–Evans rat" @default.
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• W2048543153 doi "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00613.x" @default.
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