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• W2049272958 startingPage "1352" @default.
• W2049272958 abstract "We present the first comprehensive study of short-timescale chromospheric Hα variability in M dwarfs using the individual 15 minute spectroscopic exposures for 52, 392 objects from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our sample contains about 103–104 objects per spectral type bin in the range M0–M9, with a typical number of three exposures per object (ranging up to a maximum of 30 exposures). Using this extensive data set, we find that about 16% of the sources exhibit Hα emission in at least one exposure, and of those about 45% exhibit Hα emission in all of the available exposures. As in previous studies of Hα activity (LHα/Lbol), we find a rapid increase in the fraction of active objects from M0–M6. However, we find a subsequent decline in later spectral types that we attribute to our use of the individual spectra. Similarly, we find saturated activity at a level of LHα/Lbol ≈ 10−3.6 for spectral types M0–M5 followed by a decline to about 10−4.3 in the range M7–M9. Within the sample of objects with Hα emission, only 26% are consistent with non-variable emission, independent of spectral type. The Hα variability, quantified in terms of the ratio of maximum to minimum Hα equivalent width (REW), exhibits a rapid rise from M0 to M5, followed by a plateau and a possible decline in M9 objects. In particular, variability with REW ≳ 10 is only observed in objects later than M5, and survival analysis indicates a probability of ≲0.1% that the REW values for M0–M4 and M5–M9 are drawn from the same distribution. We further find that for an exponential distribution, the REW values follow N(REW) ∝ exp[ − (REW − 1)/2.3] for M0–M4 and ∝exp[ − (REW − 1)/2.9] for M5–M9. Finally, comparing objects with persistent and intermittent Hα emission, we find that the latter exhibit greater variability. Based on these results, we conclude that Hα variability in M dwarfs on timescales of 15 minutes to 1 hr increases with later spectral type, and that the variability is larger for intermittent sources." @default.
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• W2049272958 date "2010-09-29" @default.
• W2049272958 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
• W2049272958 title "CHROMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY IN SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY M DWARFS. II. SHORT-TIMESCALE Hα VARIABILITY" @default.
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• W2049272958 doi "https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/722/2/1352" @default.
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